血流限制训练对上肢肌肉适能效益的影响

Effect of blood flow restriction training on the fitness benefit of upper limb muscles

背景:血流限制训练在提高肢体肌肉力量方面有广阔的应用前景,其中上肢应用血流限制训练的效果较为理想,且具体应用方案具有较高的研究价值。目的:阐述血流限制训练对上肢肌肉适能效益的影响,总结上肢应用血流限制训练的具体方案,试图依据现有研究给出应用方案的建议。方法:检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方、维普、CBM、PubMed、Embase、EBSCO、Cochrane Library及Web of Science数据库中发表的上肢应用血流限制训练的相关文献,中文检索词为“血流限制,血流限制训练,加压训练,上肢,上臂,前臂,手臂,小臂”,英文检索词为“Blood Flow Restriction Training,Blood Flow Restriction Exercise,Blood Flow Restriction Therapy,BFR Therapy,Occlusion training,KAATSU training,BFRT,Upper Extremity,Upper Limb,Arm,Forearm”。选择各数据库建库至2022年12月收录的上肢应用血流限制训练的相关文章,并根据纳入标准和排除标准对所得文献进行筛选。结果与结论:①目前血流限制训练在上肢应用的人群以健康人、专项运动员和上肢损伤人群为主;②血流限制训练对上肢肌肉适能的影响主要体现在增加上肢的肢体围度、肌肉的力量、肌肉耐力、肌肉厚度、肌肉横截面积以及上肢爆发力,其次是引起上肢出现交叉迁移现象;③上肢应用血流限制训练多使用充气型的血流限制装置,袖带宽度为3-5 cm,加压位置在大臂上1/3处,限制压力为40%-60%动脉闭塞压(AOP)或80-160 mmHg,训练负荷为20%-30%1RM,训练量为4组(30-15-15-15次),间歇时间为30-60 s,训练频率为每周两三次。

BACKGROUND:Blood flow restriction training has broad application prospects in improving limb muscle strength.It has ideal effects on the upper limbs is ideal,and the specific application scheme has high research value.OBJECTIVE:To explain the influence of blood flow restriction training on the fitness benefits of upper limb muscles and summarize the specific programs of blood flow restriction training for upper limb,attempting to give suggestions on application programs based on existing studies.METHODS:Literature on the application of upper limb blood flow restriction training were searched in CNKI,WanFang,VIP,CBM,PubMed,Embase,EBSCO,Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases.The search terms were“blood flow restriction,blood flow restriction training,pressure training,upper limb,upper arm,forearm,arm,forearm”in Chinese and“blood flow restriction training,blood flow restriction exercise,blood flow restriction therapy,BFR therapy,occlusion training,KAATSU training,BFRT,upper extremity,upper limb,arm,forearm”in English.The relevant articles on the application of blood flow restriction training in the upper limbs included in the database from database inception to December 2022 were selected and screened according to inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Firstly,blood flow restriction training is mainly applied to healthy people,special athletes and people with upper limb injury.Secondly,the influence of blood flow restriction training on upper limb muscle fitness is mainly reflected in the increase of upper limb circumference,muscle strength,muscle endurance,muscle thickness,muscle cross-sectional area and explosive power of upper limb,followed by the cross migration phenomenon of the upper limbs.Thirdly,blood flow restriction training for the upper limbs mainly uses inflatable blood flow restriction devices:the cuff width was 3-5 cm,the pressure position was 1/3 of the upper arm,the limiting pressure was 40%-60%arterial occlusion pressure or 80-160 mmHg,the training load is 20%-30%1RM,the training volume is four sessions(30-15-15-15 times),the interval time was 30-60 seconds,and the training frequency was 2 or 3 times per week.