城市化地区生态保护红线保护成效评估:以深圳市为例

Evaluation of Effectiveness of Ecological Conservation Redline in Urbanized Areas:A Case Study of Shenzhen

保护成效评估是生态保护红线监管的重要内容,然而,当前我国尚未开展全面的生态保护红线保护成效评估研究.作为中国特色社会主义先行示范区和粤港澳大湾区的核心引擎,深圳市率先尝试开展生态保护红线保护成效评估应用研究,可为其他城市提供示范参考.该研究在参考《生态保护红线监管技术规范保护成效评估(试行)》(HJ 1143—2020)指标体系的基础上,结合地方特色,采用遥感解析和地面调查等方法,开展2015—2020年深圳市生态保护红线保护成效评估研究.结果表明:深圳市陆域生态保护红线的保护成效指数为78.16,处于轻度好转状态,表明通过生态保护红线的划定和监管,深圳市陆域重要生态空间得到了有效保护.深圳市为提高城市化区域生态保护红线保护成效提供了实践经验,通过立法规划,实施事前、事中、事后的全过程精细化管理和精准生态保护修复等举措,“质”“量”并重提升保护成效.成效评估成果可用于及时掌握生态保护红线的生态状况、预警生态风险,为生态保护与修复、生态补偿等工作提供依据,可纳入生态文明建设考核,是推进生态文明建设工作的有力抓手.

Evaluating protection effectiveness is a crucial part of ecological conservation redline(ECR)supervision.However,at present,comprehensive research on ECR effectiveness assessment is still rare in China.As a pioneering demonstration zone of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the core engine of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area,Shenzhen has taken the lead in assessing the effectiveness of ECR,providing valuable insights for other urban areas.This study aimed to assess the protection effectiveness of Shenzhen′s ECR,propose optimization suggestions for the national standard indicator system,and explore the improvement experience of ECR protection effectiveness and the application of the assessment results in highly urbanized areas.Based on the indicator system of Technical Specification for Supervision of Ecological Conservation Redline:Protection Effectiveness Evaluation(on trial)(HJ 1143-2020),combined with local characteristics,this study evaluated the protection effectiveness of Shenzhen′s ECR between 2015 and 2020 using remote sensing analysis and field investigations.The results show that the protection effectiveness index of Shenzhen′s terrestrial ECR is 78.16,indicating a mild improvement.This finding suggests that the essential terrestrial ecological space in Shenzhen has been effectively protected through the delimitation and supervision of ECR.Shenzhen has provided practical experience to improve ECR protection effectiveness in urbanized areas through legislative planning to implement refined management throughout the whole process and precise ecological protection and restoration measures,with a focus on both‘quality’and‘quantity’to improve protection effectiveness.The assessment results can be used to monitor the ecological status of the redline,and to provide early warnings for ecological risks and basis for ecological protection and restoration,ecological compensation,etc.The results can also be incorporated into the evaluation of ecological civilization construction to promote the construction of ecological civilization.