明代砖石城墙典型结构病害与保护措施初探--以盖州古城墙为例

The Study on Typical Wall Brick Disease and Protective Measures of Ming Dynasty:Taking the Example of Gaizhou Ancient Wall

盖州古城作为辽宁省省级文物保护单位,在历史变迁中,城墙本体受到多种不同程度的损害。通过测绘、现场勘察以及无人机拍摄技术,对盖州城墙东墙南段的数据进行整合,并对城墙病害面积进行量化分析,从而对城墙的结构、工艺做法、病害种类和影响因素进行调查研究。城墙本身的构造缺陷、包砌层材料劣化、植被生长和人为破坏等这些方面共同作用,是导致城墙病害的主要原因,其中结构性病害是该段城墙损坏严重的主要因素。针对这些病害以及盖州城墙的结构特点,结合国内一些具有参考意义的城墙保护工程实例,提出预防性保护性策略。

The city wall,as the protected relics of Liaoning Province,during the historical changes,has been damaged on different degrees by various factors.This study conducts the field surveys,making maps and unmanned aerial vehicle technology(UAVT)through integrating the data of the south part in Eastern City Wall and by the quantitative analysis on the disease area of surface wall,to make the search of wall structure,artistic operation,disease category and related effect factors.In particular,structural disease is the mainly cause to wall damage.For these diseases and considering wall’s construction,we combine some real cases with highly referential meaning on wall protection to put forward the protective strategies:wall structure stability reinforcement,chemical penetration on surface recovery,waterproofing improvement,and necessary plant remove.For the remediation,it considers rescue protection principle,original maintenance principle and minimal interference.Hence,this study will prove the disease researches of Gaizhou City Wall with the scientific supports and will offer the reference on relative protection.