以人为范 寓道于器:唐宋建筑与造像一体化设计模式初探

Taking People as the Model and Combining Morality with Tools:Preliminary Study on the Integrated Design Model for Architecture and Statues in the Tang and Song Dynasties

围绕古代建筑与造像间尺度设计关联性的问题,分析了建筑和造像两种体系存在的难题及应对策略,梳理了统摄性方法的产生逻辑和全局基准长的探寻思路,提出建筑与造像一体化设计方法。通常是以具有文化意义且符合整尺的事物(如塑像面部)作为基准长,以屋心或像心为定位依据,运用方格网、同心圆、放射线,通过几何作图而实现。结合唐宋时期实例验证了操作手法并剖析其设计本质,阐释了一体化设计模式中所蕴含的“数形义合一”营造理念、“天圆地方、建极向心”宇宙观、人本理念、型范思维。研究进一步揭示了古代营造智慧及其演化脉络,也为探寻共同基准长、复原营造尺、发现设计模式的跨时空关联等提供新思路。

Centering on the scale design relevance between the ancient architecture and statues,this paper analyzes the existing problems and coping strategies of architecture and statues,sorts out the generation logic of the integrated control method and the exploring ideas of the overall length datum,and proposes the integrated design method of architecture and statues.It is usually based on things with cultural significance and conform to integer scale of Chi(such as the face of the statue)as the length datum,with the core of architecture or statue is taken as the positioning basis,which can be realized by geometric drawing using a square grid,concentric circles,and radiation.By combining examples from the Tang and Song Dynasties,the characteristics of the operation techniques is verified and the design essence is analyzed,it explains the concept of Yingzao(create buildings and other things)of"Unity of number,form and cultural meaning",the cosmology of"Round Sky and Square Earth,Setting the Pole and Construct Centripetally",the philosophy of human-centered and the thinking of"Orders"in the integrated design mode.The study further reveals the ancient wisdom of Yingzao and the evolutionary vein,providing new ideas for searching the length datum,restoring the Yingzao scale,and discovering the cross-temporal correlation of design patterns.