我国餐厨垃圾资源化利用技术现状分析及建议

Analysis and Suggestions on the Current Situation of Food Waste Utilization Technology in China

随着人民生活质量的提高,我国餐厨垃圾的产量迅速上升,对餐厨垃圾的资源化利用及无害化处理成为人们普遍关心的课题。但是,由于填埋能力有限,垃圾焚烧容易造成环境污染,餐厨垃圾的填埋和焚烧处置方法受到限制,迫切需要探索绿色可持续的餐厨垃圾处理途径。为此,本文在介绍餐厨垃圾填埋、堆肥化、直接焚烧、机械破碎后排入下水道等传统处理方式的应用现状的基础上,分析了现阶段餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵、生产饲料、生产生物柴油等资源化利用模式,提出了餐厨垃圾“源头减量、过程控制、资源利用、政策支持”的资源化管理建议。希望利用各种资源化技术联合处理,尽早实现餐厨垃圾“减量化、无害化、资源化”。

With the improvement of people′s living standards,the production of kitchen waste in China increased rapidly.The resource utilization and harmless treatment of kitchen waste have become an urgent issue and a concern for the public.However,the disposal methods of kitchen waste landfill and incineration were restricted due to limited landfill capacity and the potential for environmental pollution caused by waste incineration.It was urgent to explore sustainable processing methods for kitchen waste.Therefore,based on the introduction of the application status of traditional treatment methods such as landfill,composting,direct incin eration,and mechanical crushing into sewers,this article analyzes the anaerobic fermentation,aerobic composting,production of feed,and production of biodiesel resources from kitchen waste in the current stage,and proposes the suggestion of reducing at the source,controlling the process,utilizing resources,and supporting policies for resource management of kitchen waste.It is hoped that various resource utilization technologies will be used to achieve the"reduction,harmlessness,and resource utilization"of kitchen waste as soon as possible.