基于区域—负载均衡策略的两级车辆路径优化研究

Research on two-level vehicle routing optimization based onregion load balancing strategy

为提升由城市仓库—前置仓库—消费者组成的多阶段物流运输效益,提出基于区域—负载均衡的优化方法。首先,基于K-means聚类设计区域划分策略;其次,构建基于距离准则的聚类中心—前置仓库最佳匹配机制,从成本最小化视角给出负载均衡策略;然后,构建两级车辆路径优化模型,基于禁忌搜索算法设计多层求解策略;最后,通过数值实验与灵敏度分析验证所构模型及方法的有效性,通过对照实验分析仅考虑区域划分、同时考虑区域—负载均衡、不考虑区域—负载均衡三种情景下优化结果。研究成果揭示了区域—负载均衡与路径结果的内在关系,可为实现多阶段物流运输效率与成本的双重优化提供理论及方法支撑。

To improve the efficiency of multi-stage logistics transportation composed of urban warehouse,front-end warehouse and consumer,this paper proposed an optimization method based on region load balance.Firstly,this paper designed the region division strategy based on K-means clustering.Secondly,this paper constructed the optimal matching mechanism between cluster center and front-end warehouse based on distance criterion,and gave the load balancing strategy from the perspective of cost mi-nimization.Then,this paper constructed a two-level vehicle routing optimization model,and designed a multi-layer solution stra-tegy based on tabu search algorithm.Finally,this paper verified the validity of the model and method by numerical experiments and sensitivity analysis and analyzed the optimization results under the three scenarios of only considering region division,simultaneously considering region load balancing,and not considering region load balancing by comparison experiments.The research results reveal the internal relationship between region load balance and route results,which can provide theoretical and technical support for the realization of dual optimization of multi-phase logistics transportation efficiency and cost.