2021~2022年深圳市某医院常见呼吸道病毒流行病学特点

Epidemiological Characteristics of Common Respiratory Viruses in a Hospital in Shenzhen Area from 2021 to 2022

目的 分析2021年7月至2022年7月在我院就诊的急性呼吸道感染患者呼吸道病毒的感染情况,并比较多重荧光定量PCR法和胶体金法检测流感病毒的诊断效能。方法 收集我院1 263例急性呼吸道感染患者的鼻拭子标本,采用多重荧光定量PCR法进行检测,分析不同性别、年龄、季节6种常见呼吸道病毒的感染特点。随机抽取2022年1月至7月407例患者标本,采用胶体金法检测甲型流感病毒(influenza A virus, Flu A)和乙型流感病毒(influenza B virus, Flu B),并与多重荧光定量PCR法检测结果进行比较。结果 1 263例患者中,呼吸道病毒阳性检出率为21.54%(272/1 263),呼吸道合胞病毒(respiratory syncytial virus, RSV)阳性检出率最高,为8.55%(108/1 263)。不同性别患者阳性检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。秋季呼吸道病毒阳性检出率最高(P<0.001),其中RSV在秋季检出率最高,Flu A在夏季检出率最高、Flu B在春季检出率最高、副流感病毒Ⅰ型(parainfluenza virus Ⅰ,PIV Ⅰ)和副流感病毒Ⅲ型(parainfluenza virus Ⅲ,PIV Ⅲ)在冬季检出率最高(P<0.05)。不同年龄组患者呼吸道病毒阳性检出率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001),其中<18岁组,特别是<3岁婴幼儿检出率最高(P<0.001)。多重荧光定量PCR法检测Flu A阳性检出率高于胶体金法,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 6种常见呼吸道病毒中RSV的阳性率最高。呼吸道病毒流行特征具有年龄、季节差异,未成年人,特别是3岁以下婴幼儿是呼吸道病毒感染的高危人群,应加强对低龄儿童呼吸道传染病防控。多重荧光定量PCR法对于呼吸道病毒检测具有更高的临床应用价值。

Objective To analyze the infection of respiratory viruses in patients with acute respiratory infections attending a hospital in Shenzhen area from July,2021 to July,2022 and to compare the diagnostic efficacy of the multiplex fluorescence quantitative PCR method and colloidal gold method for detecting influenza viruses.Methods Nasal swab specimens from 1,263 patients with acute respiratory tract infections were collected from Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital and tested by multiplex fluorescence quantitative PCR method to analyze the infection characteristics of six common respiratory viruses by gender,age,and seasons.Specimens from 407 patients were randomly selected from January to July,2022 and tested for influenza A virus(Flu A)and influenza B virus(Flu B)using the colloidal gold method and compared with the results of the multiplex fluorescent quantitative PCR method.Results Among 1,263 patients,the positive detection rate for respiratory viruses was 21.54%(272/1263),and the highest positive detection rate for the respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)was 8.55%(108/1263).There was no statistically significant difference in the positive detection rate by gender(P>0.05).Respiratory viruses were detected mostly positive in autumn(P<0.001),while RSV in autumn,Flu A in summer,Flu B in spring,parainfluenza virus I(PIV I)and parainfluenza virus III(PIV III)in winter(P<0.05).The difference in the detection rate of positive respiratory viruses among age groups was statistically significant(P<0.001),with the highest detection rate in the<18 years old group,especially in infants<3 years old(P<0.001).The rate of positive Flu A detection by multiplex fluorescence PCR was higher than that by the colloidal gold method,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion RSV has the highest positivity rate among the six common respiratory viruses.The epidemiological characteristics of respiratory viruses are different among age and seasonal groups.Minors,especially infants,and children under three years old,are at high risk of respiratory virus infection and there should be strengthen control of respiratory diseases in younger children.The multiplex fluorescent quantitative PCR method has a higher clinical application for detecting respiratory viruses.