地方政府专项债的功能定位与风险防范

Functional Positioning and Risk Prevention of Local Government Special Debt

地方政府专项债务迅速扩张,原因在于其经济增长的功能定位。专项债经济增长的功能定位导致了专项债的中央集中化、财政政策化以及杠杆化。调整专项债的功能定位,使其服务于地方事权的实现,需要把握专项债的公益性、地方性和收益性。立足于专项债的事权功能,在事权功能与增长功能之间保持合理的“张力”,是防范化解专项债务风险的现实选择。为此,首先,专项债及其支持项目应遵循受益性原则;其次,应明确国债的经济增长功能定位,强化中央支出责任;再次,应完善“代举”机制,确立资金使用主体的偿还责任;最后,应积极赋予地方税权,扩大地方财政自主权。

The rapid expansion of special local government debt is due to its functional positioning for economic growth.The functional positioning of earmarked debt for economic growth has led to centralization,fiscal policy,and leveraging of earmarked debt.Adjusting the functional positioning of special bonds to serve the realization of local af-fairs requires grasping the public welfare,local and revenue nature of special bonds.Based on the function of special debt,maintaining a reasonable"tension"between the function of affairs and growth is a realistic choice to prevent and resolve the risk of special debt.To this end,first,special bonds and the projects they support should follow the princi-ple of beneficence;second,the economic growth function of the national debt should be clearly positioned to strength-en the central spending responsibility;besides,we should improve the"substitute"mechanism and establish the repay-ment responsibility of the main body using the funds;finally,we should actively give local tax power and expand lo-cal financial autonomy.