《民用航空法》修改视域下《蒙特利尔公约》的转化

The Transformation of Montreal Convention from the Perspective of the Amendment of Civil Aviation Law

《中华人民共和国民用航空法》(以下简称“《民用航空法》”)的修改需要考虑对已被我国批准的《蒙特利尔公约》(以下简称“MC1999”)的吸收问题,通过转化的方式而不是规则移植的方式吸收MC1999是恰当的方法。《民用航空法》与MC1999具有共同的历史法源和制度亲和性,MC1999转化为《民用航空法》的相关制度,具有实践和理论准备,使其转化具备了可行性。MC1999的转化需衔接《民用航空法》的修订与现有法律体系,对MC1999的漏洞进行必要的补充,消除中文作准文本错误,特别是消除因对华沙体系的误读而对MC1999理解产生的消极影响。未来修改后的《民用航空法》应当保障MC1999的强制适用;但对于不符合MC1999规定的国际航空运输,宜允许当事人选择适用法律。同时,应当删除《民用航空法》第184条第1款关于条约优先适用的规定。在厘清国内与国际航空运输市场差异与联系的基础上,可利用MC1999的转化适当改造国内与国际航空运输承运人责任双轨制,于极其有限的范围内建立国际国内承运人的公平责任体系下的新的双轨制,促进航空业市场的公平与良性发展。

The amendment of“Civil Aviation Law”(hereinafter referred to as“Civil Aviation Law”)needs to consider the absorption of the“Montreal Convention”(hereinafter referred to as“MC1999”),which has been ratified by China.It is an appropriate way to absorb MC1999 into the“Civil Aviation Law”by means of transfor-mation rather than rule transplantation.The“Civil Aviation Law”and MC1999 have a common historical source of law and institutional affinity.The transformation of MC1999 into the relevant system of“Civil Avia-tion Law”has practical and theoretical preparation,which makes its transformation feasible.The transformation of MC1999 needs to connect the revision of the“Civil Aviation Law”with the existing legal system,make nec-essary supplements to the loopholes of MC1999,eliminate the errors of Chinese authentic texts,and especially eliminate the negative impact on the understanding of MC1999 due to the misunderstanding of the Warsaw sys-tem.The future revised“Civil Aviation Law”should guarantee the mandatory application of MC1999;how-ever,for international air transport that does not conform to the provisions of MC1999,the parties should be al-lowed to choose the applicable law.At the same time,the provisions of Article 184,paragraph 1,of the Civil Aviation Law on the priority application of treaties should be deleted.On the basis of clarifying the differences and connections between domestic and international air transport markets,MC1999 transformation can be used to appropriately transform the dual-track system of domestic and international air transport carrier’s liability,and establish a new dual-track system under the fair liability system of international and domestic carriers within an extremely limited range,so as to promote the fair and healthy development of the aviation industry market.