蝠鲼集群滑翔水动力性能研究

Hydrodynamic performance study of manta ray gliding in groups

为探究集群滑翔编队对蝠鲼水动力性能的影响,采用数值模拟的方法研究了多个蝠鲼在串联、三角、钻石排布下进行滑翔运动时的阻力、升力及流场压力分布情况。数值计算结果表明,位于队首的领航蝠鲼总是承受最小的阻力,在大多数情况下,位于队尾的蝠鲼承受最大阻力。对流场压力分布进行研究发现,减阻效果主要来源于集群中各单体间的高压区及低压区分布,高压区有益于位于队前蝠鲼减阻,在特定情况下,低压区的存在会产生向前吸力有利于减小队尾蝠鲼阻力。研究发现当蝠鲼进行前二后一、四体钻石、六体串联及六体钻石集群滑翔时能降低系统平均阻力,这为仿生航行器集群编队设置提供理论指导。

To investigate the effect of group gliding formation on the hydrodynamic performance of manta rays,numerical simulations were used to investigate the drag,the lift and pressure distribution of multiple manta rays in tandem,triangular and diamond-shaped arrangements.The simulation results show that the leader manta ray at the head of the group always suffers the least drag,and in most cases,the companion manta ray at the tail of the group suffers the most drag.The pressure distribution in the flow field shows that the drag reduction effect mainly comes from the distribution of high pressure and low pressure zones among the individual rays in the cluster,the high pressure zone is beneficial to the manta rays at the front of the group,and under certain circumstances,the presence of low pressure zone generates forward suction to reduce the drag of the manta rays at the end of the group.It is found that when manta rays glide in"two in front and one at the back",four-body diamond,six-body tandem and six-body diamond arrangement,the average drag of the system can be reduced,which provides theoretical guidance for the formation of bionic vehicle groups.