基于餐厨沥出液制备的液体肥对黄瓜幼苗生长和土壤环境的影响

Effects of liquid fertilizer prepared from kitchen wastewater on the growth of cucumber seedlings and soil environment

[目的]本研究可明确利用餐厨沥出液制备的液体肥在黄瓜幼苗生长过程中的应用效果。[方法]采用室内盆栽灌根的方式,从植株生长、土壤环境和病原微生物等3个方面展开研究。[结果]施用餐厨液体肥能够明显促进黄瓜植株的地上部生长,稀释100倍进行施用时茎粗、叶面积、地上部鲜重和地上部干重等生长指标达到了最大值,稀释至1600倍施用时相对清水对照处理仍在多项生长指标中表现出了显著的促生效果。在地下部生长方面,稀释25倍进行施用时会造成黄瓜植株根系生长受到抑制的现象。其余更高稀释倍数的处理除1600倍外均在部分地下部生长指标上显著优于清水对照处理,其中尤以稀释200倍的处理表现最为显著,在根长、地下部鲜重和地下部干重等3个方面均达到了所有处理中的最大值。在土壤理化性质方面,施用餐厨液体肥使得土壤pH值出现了下降,pH值下降幅度与餐厨液体肥的稀释倍数呈负相关关系。土壤EC值则除稀释25倍的处理之外均相对于清水对照出现了不同程度的下降。土壤有机碳含量和有机质含量在稀释200倍及之后的处理均显著高于对照处理,分析其原因在于上述处理实现了黄瓜植株根系更好的生长。当餐厨液体肥稀释倍数在25~200倍之间时,土壤中钠离子含量均显著高于对照处理,稀释400倍时土壤中钠离子含量则相对于清水对照下降了11.36%,其余处理土壤中钠离子含量与清水对照无显著差异。餐厨液体肥的施用显著降低了土壤中镰刀菌属微生物的数量,但各施肥处理之间并无显著差异。[结论]利用餐厨沥出液进行餐厨液体肥的配制并合理施用能够明显的促进黄瓜植株的生长并保障土壤环境的安全。

[Objective]The objective of this study was to demonstrate the application effects of liquid fertilizers prepared from kitchen wastewater on the growth of young cucumber seedlings.[Method]The study was conducted through indoor potted root irrigation,focusing on three aspects:plant growth,the soil environment,and pathogenic microorganisms.[Result]The results demonstrated that the application of liquid fertilizer derived from kitchen wastewater significantly promoted the above-ground growth of cucumber plants.When applied at a dilution of 100 times,growth parameters such as stem thickness,leaf area,above-ground fresh weight,and above-ground dry weight reached their maximum values.When diluted to 1600 times,it still demonstrated a significant growth promoting effects compared to the control treatment with plain water in multiple growth pa-rameters.However,root growth of cucumber plants was inhibited when the liquid fertilizer was diluted 25 times.Except of the 1600-fold dilution,higher dilutions showed significantly better performance than the control treatment in some underground growth indicators.The treatment with a 200-fold dilution showed the most remarkable effects,with maximum values in root length,underground fresh weight,and underground dry weight.In terms of soil physicochemical properties,the application of liquid fertilizer from kitchen wastewater caused a decrease in soil pH,and the extent of pH decrease was negatively correlated with the dilution ratio of the liquid fertilizer.Except for the 25-fold dilution treatment,soil electrical conductivity(EC)showed a varying degree of decrease compared to the control treatment.Soil organic carbon and organic matter were significantly higher in treatments with dilutions of 200-fold and above,which could be attributed to better root growth of the cucumber plants in those treatments.When the liquid kitchen fertilizer was diluted between 25 and 200 times,the sodium ion content in the soil was significantly higher than in the control treatment;however,at a dilution of 400 times,the sodium ion content in the soil de-creased by 11.36%compared to the control treatment,and there was no significant difference in sodium ion content among the other fertilizer treatments and the control treatment.The population of Fusarium microorganisms in the soil was significantly re-duced with the application of kitchen waste liquid fertilizer,but there was no significant difference among the different fertiliza-tion treatments.[Conclusion]The preparation and appropriate application of liquid fertilizer using kitchen wastewater can signifi-cantly promote the growth of cucumber plants and ensure soil environmental safety.