锡林郭勒盟公路沿线土壤风蚀风洞模拟研究

Simulation study of soil wind erosion and blowouts along the Xilin Gol Provincial Highway

[目的]以内蒙古锡林郭勒盟境内的S105省道公路沿线地表为研究对象,模拟研究土壤风蚀的主要影响因素及其影响规律,进行分析和综合评价,提出防治建议。[方法]经实地调查,采集原位土壤、砾石、植被样品,在风洞实验室进行模拟研究,分析其风速、砾石覆盖度、植被覆盖度及净风与挟沙风等因素对风蚀的影响规律。先单因素试验分析各因素对指标的影响规律及趋势;再通过L9(34)正交试验研究因素的综合作用影响及主次顺序,优化影响度组合方案。[结果]对地表土壤风蚀的影响程度从大到小排序为,风速>挟沙风>植被覆盖>砾石覆盖。当风速15 m·s^(-1)、有挟沙风、植被覆盖0%、砾石覆盖25%时,地表风蚀量最大;而砾石0%,植被25%,风速9 m·s^(-1),无挟沙(净风)时,地表风蚀量最小。风速越大和带挟沙风时植被的防风蚀效果越显著高于砾石;而风速越小和净风时植被和砾石的防风蚀效果较相近。[结论]防治风蚀沙化需要优先保护自然生态平衡,降低风速和挟沙的影响;其次,植被覆盖和砾石覆盖均能有效降低风蚀,通过合理组合利用能更好地降低风蚀、稳固地表土壤,从而取得更大的防风蚀效果。对保障公路行车安全及生态系统的恢复有重要现实意义,能够带来更大经济效益和生态效益。

[Objective]This study conducted an overall analysis and comprehensive evaluation of the main influencing factors of soil wind erosion in arid and semi-arid areas and its impact patterns.It proposed prevention and control suggestions while focus-ing on the surface along the S105 provincial highway in Xilingol League of Inner Mongolia as the research object.[Methods]Field investigation was conducted,and in situ soil,gravel,and vegetation samples were collected.Analog experiments were performed in a wind tunnel laboratory to analyze the influence of wind speed,gravel coverage,vegetation coverage,pure wind,and sand-carrying wind on wind erosion.Firstly,the impact patterns and trends of each factor on the indicators were analyzed through single-factor tests.Then,the L9(34)orthogonal test was conducted to study the combined effects of factors and deter-mine the major-minor order,optimizing the combination scheme based on the degree of influence.[Results]The degree of influ-ence on surface soil wind erosion was ranked from largest to smallest as follows:wind speed>sand-carrying wind>vegetation coverage>gravel coverage.The maximum surface wind erosion occurred under the condition of a wind speed of 15 m·s^(-1),sand-carrying wind,0%vegetation coverage,and 25%gravel coverage,while the minimum surface wind erosion occurred under the condition of a wind speed of 9 m·s^(-1) wind speed,pure wind,25%vegetation coverage,and 0%gravel coverage.The wind ero-sion prevention effect of the vegetation was significantly higher than that of the gravel when the wind speed was higher and sand-carrying wind was present.However,when the wind speed was lower and pure wind was present,the wind erosion prevention effect of the vegetation and gravel were similar.[Conclusion]The prevention and control of wind erosion and sand erosion priori-tized the protection of natural ecological balance and reduction of the influence of wind speed and sand-carrying wind;Second-ly,the rational utilization of vegetation coverage and gravel coverage can effectively reduce wind erosion.By combining them in a reasonable manner,wind erosion can be further reduced,and the stability of the surface soil can be enhanced,leading to a greater wind erosion prevention effect.This research is of great practical significance for ensuring the safety of highway traffic and ecosystem restoration,and it can bring about greater economic and ecological benefits.