论粤港澳大湾区生态环境保护示范法的制定及基本构想

On the Enaction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Model Law on Ecological Environmental Protection

粤港澳大湾区建设要求将生态环境保护纳入法治轨道。现行以行政机制为主导的区域环境合作治理模式,难以深入有效地解决突出的区域性环境问题,难以满足其协同共治的法治发展需要。生态环境法制协同则是可以从根源上应对因环境法制冲突所一直难以触及的区域性环境问题,因应粤港澳大湾区更深层次发展需求的必然选择。在“一国两制三法域”独特的政治与法治环境下,制定统一制定法与粤港澳三地分别立法的路径既不适应当下法制条件,也难以形成治理合力。起草生态环境保护示范法是协同治理进路下逐步实现法制统一更为有效和容易实现的途径,且兼具理论与现实的可行性。粤港澳大湾区生态环境保护示范法的制定同样面临着三地法律理念差异较大、环境法律协调性缺乏和制定主体不明确等各种挑战。因而有必要结合域外先进的示范性立法实践和本土的示范法立法经验,立足大湾区实际,对粤港澳大湾区生态环境保护示范法制定作出基本构想。为此,可以通过设立粤港澳大湾区的立法协调机构、趋同化整合粤港澳三地环境法律、确保生态环境保护示范法立法内容的重点突出与创新发展相结合和扩大公众参与的方式予以应对,从而以生态环境保护示范法的制定推动粤港澳区域法律冲突的解决与高水平法治合作,共同为粤港澳大湾区高质量发展营造一流法治环境。

Enacting the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area model law on ecological environmental protection is a collaborative approach to promote the unification of the legal system and meet the requirements of building the rule of law in the Greater Bay Area,which is both feasible in theory and reality.The formulation of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area’s model law on ecological environmental protection also faces challenges such as great differences in legal concepts among the three places,a lack of harmonization of environmental laws and regulations,and unclear subjects.Therefore,it is necessary to combine the overseas and local demonstration legislative experience,based on the reality of the Greater Bay Area,and put forward the basic ideas for the formulation of the model law on ecological environmental protection in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area,including the establishment of a legislative coordination body,the assimilation and integration of environmental laws in Guangdong,Hong Kong and Macao,ensuring that the legislative content of the model law on ecological environmental protection is focused,combined with innovation and development,and expanding public participation.