叙述与沉默:马里亚斯小说的语言之“真”与主体性回归

Narration and Silence:the“Truth”of Language and the Return of Subjectivity in Javier Marías’Novels

西班牙当代作家哈维尔·马里亚斯被认为是当代西班牙最杰出的作家之一,近几年被认为是诺贝尔文学奖的有力竞争者。他的小说大量关注当代以语言论哲学为背景的社会文化环境中的个体生存,表现了在语言包裹之下个体面临的日益尖锐的生存矛盾,也即语言与人的此在之矛盾,揭示出语言论哲学在发展过程中对于个人生存主体性的消极影响。本文认为,马里亚斯小说实际上对语言通向此在的功能提出了质疑,认为正是当代社会语言泛滥和叙述过剩的现象使得个体的人陷入了对于自身存在失语的境地,而沉默与保守秘密,成为马里亚斯面对上述生存矛盾所进行的文化反思和方法论建构。

Javier Marías is regarded as one of the most renowned contemporary writer in Spain,and has been considered a strong contender for the Nobel Prize for Literature in recent years.His novels,to a large extent,focus mostly on the existence of individual in the social and cultural context on the basis of linguistic philosophy,explain the increasingly intense conflict faced by individuals who are repressed by language,namely the conflict between language and Dasein of man,and reveal the negative impact on subjectivity of individual’s existence brought by linguistic philosophy in its process of development.This essay maintains that in his novels,Marías doubts about the guiding function of language to Dasein.According to Marías,it is the overuse of language and narration in contemporary society that leads to the aphasia of individual about his existence;while silence and keeping secret,on the other hand,remain the cultural reflection and methodological construction given the existential conflicts mentioned above.