叶面喷施硫酸锌对马铃薯抗病性和产量的影响

Effects of Foliar Spraying of Zinc Sulfate on Disease Resistance and Yield of Potato

锌能保护细胞膜结构的完整性和通透性,阻止细胞内小分子有机物外泄和细胞外病原菌侵染。为此,研究叶面喷施锌对马铃薯叶片的抗病性、早疫病和晚疫病病害的影响,利用锌的保护作用来减少马铃薯病害发生,为科学防治马铃薯早疫病和晚疫病提供依据。2020-2021年进行了两年田间试验,试验设置的马铃薯喷施浓度分别为0.20%、0.40%、0.60%、0.80%的ZnSO_(4)·7H_(2)O和对照(喷施清水)5个处理。喷施锌肥后测定各处理马铃薯抗病性酶活性、调查早疫病和晚疫病病害,考种和测定产量。结果表明,叶面喷施锌肥后马铃薯叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均有所提高,丙二醛(MDA)含量随着ZnSO_(4)·7H_(2)O浓度增加呈现先降低后升高趋势;在喷施浓度为0.40%时,马铃薯早疫病和晚疫病的发病率和病情指数最低。马铃薯收获后,喷施浓度为0.40%处理的马铃薯病薯率最低,商品薯率最高,马铃薯经济产量最高。总之,喷施0.40%的ZnSO_(4)·7H_(2)O能有效提高马铃薯植株抗病性酶活性,降低MDA含量,减轻早疫病、晚疫病的发病率和病情指数,降低收获后马铃薯病薯率,提高商品薯率,从而增加马铃薯经济产量。

The zinc can protect the structural integrity and permeability of cell membranes,so the intracellular small molecule organic matters were prevented from extravasating and infecting the extracellular pathogen.In order to study the effect of foliar spraying of zinc on potato disease resistance,spraying of 0.20%,0.40%,0.60%and 0.80%ZnSO_(4)·7H_(2)O and control on potato was set from 2021 to 2022.After spraying of zinc fertilizer on potato leaves,the enzyme activities related to potato disease resistance of each treatment were measured,the diseases of early and late blights were investigated,and yield were analysed.The results showed that after spraying of zinc fertilizer on the leaves,the activities of disease resistance related superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD)and catalase(CAT)in potato leaves increased,while the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)decreased firstly and then increased with the increase of ZnSO_(4)·7H_(2)O concentration.The incidence rate and disease index of potato were lowest when the spraying concentration of zinc fertilizer was 0.40%.After potato was harvested,the spraying concentration of 0.40%had the lowest rate of diseased potato,the highest rate of commercial potato and the highest economic yield of potato.In conclusion,spraying of 0.40%ZnSO_(4)·7H_(2)O on potato leaves can effectively improve the potato disease resistance enzyme activity,reduce the content of malondialdehyde,reduce the incidence rate and disease index of early and late blight,reduce the rate of potato disease after the harvest,increase the rate of commercial potato,and increase the economic yield of potato.