张承志《黑骏马》的“归乡”叙事与“知识分子道路”问题——基于与鲁迅《故乡》的对读

The Narratives of‘Homecoming’and the Problematic of‘Intellectual Way’in Black Steed by Zhang Chengzhi——Based on Comparative Reading with Hometown by Lu Xun

鲁迅小说《故乡》中的“归乡”叙事既留下了丰厚的启蒙思想遗产,也留下颇具问题性的思想“债务”,即“知识分子道路”这一经典问题。在思想主题与结构形式上,当代作家张承志的中篇小说《黑骏马》与《故乡》构成了富有意味的“对话”与“互文”关系,前者对主人公两次归乡经历的叙述潜在地回应了“知识分子道路”的问题。在“归乡”之不可能与可能的辩证关系中,《黑骏马》重新开启了启蒙者/知识分子不断“归乡”——“回归民众”的“思想道路”。张承志以此表达了对“知识分子道路”这一经典问题的另类思考,从而与“八十年代”产生了复杂的思想与美学张力。

In addition to plenty of enlightenment thoughts heritages,some problematic thoughts‘debts’were left in the narratives of‘homecoming’in Hometown by Lu Xun,which is a classical thoughts problem of‘intellectual way of life’.In matters of theme and form,the relationship of dialogue and intertextuality was established between the novelette Black Steed by Zhang Chengzhi and Hometown,and the former responded potentially the thoughts problem with narration of the protagonist’s coming home twice.In the dialectical relationship between impossibility and possibility of‘homecoming’,Black Steed re-opened the‘ideological way’of intellectual continuous‘homecoming’,i.e.‘return to the people’.Zhang Chengzhi delivered his own distinctive thinking about the‘intellectual way of life’,and thus,brought about much tensions countering the‘1980s’in thoughts and aesthetics.