现代性与认同危机:新文化运动对儒家的批判

Modernity and Identity Crisis: The New Culture Movement's Criticism of the Confucian

新文化运动是20世纪初中国思想界的大事件,在西方持续影响下,中国知识分子借助现代刊物第一次集体反思传统。从对康有为、陈焕章等人推动孔教入宪的批判开始,新文化运动就带有强烈的政治批判色彩,它力图阻止儒家思想重新制度化的努力。面对复辟帝制及尊孔复古的逆流,陈独秀等人将批判推进至中国传统伦理政治之根本——礼教,礼教既是一种道德伦理观念,也是一种别尊卑明贵贱的等级制度。与此同时,《新青年》同人打出的“文学革命”旗号引起知识界广泛关注,文学革命的实质在于通过文学革新推动国人思想变革,以此为中国社会种种制度的变革提供思想基础。由此对儒家的三重批判获得了内在逻辑的一致性,而对“现代性”和“儒家传统”的认知及想象主导着这场批判。

The New Culture Movement was a great event in Chinese intellectual circles in the early 20th century.It was the first time that Chinese intellectuals collectively reflected on tradition with the help of modern publications under the continued influence of the Western world.Starting from the criticism of Kang Youwei,Chen Huan-Chang and others for promoting the Confucian religion into the constitution,the New Culture Movement had a strong tendency to political critique,and it sought to thwart the efforts to re-institutionalize Confucianism.Facing the adverse current of reviving the monarchy and restoring Confucius to ancient times,Chen Duxiu and others pushed their criticism to the root of traditional Chinese the ethical-political,i.e.,the Confucian Ritualism which was not only a moral and ethical concept,but also a hierarchical system that distinguishes between the superior and the inferior.At the same time,the slogan of"Literary Revolution"put forward by the fellows of New Youth has attracted widespread concern in the intelligentsia.The essence of the Literary Revolution was to advance the ideological change of the Chinese people through literary innovation,which to provide an ideological basis for the reformation of various institutions in Chinese society.Therefore,the triple critique of the Confucian has achieved internal logical coherence,and the cognition and imagination of"modernity"and"Confucian tradition"has led this critique.