淄河流域岩溶地下水化学特征及控制因素分析

Analysis on hydrochemical characteristics and controlling factors of karst groundwater in Zihe River Basin

选取淄河流域2018年枯水期及丰水期各采集的70件地下水样品,综合运用水化学(piper三线图、Gibbs模型、相关性分析、离子比例分析)和多元统计分析(主成分分析、因子分析)方法,探讨了该流域岩溶地下水化学特征及控制因素.结果表明:(1)流域岩溶地下水化学类型以HCO_(3)−Ca型及HCO_(3)⋅SO_(4)−Ca型为主,化学组分主要来源于广泛分布的灰岩、白云岩等可溶性碳酸盐岩,并受岩石风化程度能力控制.丰水期地下水位抬升,增加了岩盐、硫酸盐等矿物的溶解.(2)沿淄河乡镇一带居民及工农业聚集区,地下水TDS明显增高,主要影响离子为总硬度、Cl^(-)、SO_(4)^(2−)、NO_(3)^(-).淄河下游临淄区堠皋一带,水质较差,反映化工企业对该区域地下水水质造成影响.(3)Cl^(-)、NO_(3)^(-)受人类活动影响较大,可能来自生活污水和农业活动等不同的污染物,并且丰水期加速了污染物质的溶解.(4)水岩作用因子分析反映出方解石和石膏等溶解、工农业生产生活、白云岩溶解等对水化学组分影响,贡献率分别为37.21%、21.38%、15.98%.

Select Zihe river basin during 2018 dry season and the wet season collection of 70 samples of groundwater,the integrated use of water chemistry(Piper three-line diagram,Gibbs model,correlation analysis,ion ratio analysis)and multivariate statistical analysis(principal component analysis,factor analysis)method,discusses the karst groundwater chemical characteristics and control factors of the basin.The results show that:(1)the hydrochemical types of karst groundwater in the basin are mainly HCO_(3)-Ca and HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Ca,and the chemical components mainly come from widely distributed soluble carbonate rocks such as limestone and dolomite,and are controlled by the degree of rock weathering.The rise of groundwater level during wet season increases the dissolution of rock salt,sulfate and other minerals.(2)Along Zihe Township,residents and industrial and agricultural gathering areas,the TDS of groundwater increases significantly,and the main influencing ions are total hardness,chloride,sulfate,nitrate.The water quality in Hougao area of Linzi District in the lower reaches of Zihe River is poor,which reflects the impact of chemical enterprises on the groundwater quality in this area.(3)Chloride and nitrate are greatly affected by human activities and may come from different pollutants such as domestic sewage and agricultural activities,and the dissolution of pollutants is accelerated in wet season.(4)The factor analysis of water rock interaction reflects the influence of calcite and gypsum dissolution,industrial and agricultural production and life,dolomite dissolution on hydrochemical components,and the contribution rates are 37.21%,21.38%and 15.98%respectively.