物理场辅助农业雾化施药技术的研究现状与展望

Research Progress and Prospect of Physical Field-assisted Agricultural Atomization Technology

现阶段,用于辅助农业雾化施药的物理场主要有磁场、电场、热场、风场、超声场。磁电热等物理场可以优化雾滴特性、提高沉积率;风场可以扰动作物冠层、增强雾滴输运性能,提高雾滴穿透性和雾滴沉积量;超声场可以辅助雾化生成均匀、细微的雾滴。为进一步把握物理场辅助农业雾化施药技术的研究动态,分析了该领域的国内外研究成果,分别对磁场、电场、热场、风场、超声场辅助雾化喷施的应用范围、方式方法等进行总结并针对性地指出研究重点与难点。最后,依据农业雾化施药的需求与特点,结合现有的高新技术,展望了未来各物理场辅助雾化喷施技术的研究方向和思路。

At this stage,the physical fields used to assist agricultural atomization and pesticide application mainly include magnetic fields,electric fields,thermal fields,wind fields,and ultrasonic fields.Atomized spraying assisted by physical fields such as magnetism,electricity,and heat can improve the characteristics of droplets and increase the deposition rate of droplets.When the wind field assisted atomization spraying,it can enhance the migration ability of the mist,and at the same time disturb the plant canopy,optimize the penetration performance of the mist inside the plant canopy,and increase the amount of mist deposition.The ultrasonic field can assist atomization to generate tiny and uniform mist droplets,which can realize ultra-low-volume spraying in facility agriculture and ground plant protection operations.However,the atomization mechanism,sedimentation law,and deposition characteristics of the liquid medicine under the assistance of various physical fields are still incomplete.In order to further grasp the research trends of physical field-assisted agricultural atomization pesticide application technology,the domestic and foreign research results in this field were analyzed.The application scope,methods and methods of atomization spraying assisted by magnetic field,electric field,thermal field,wind field and ultrasonic field are summarized respectively,and the key points and difficulties of research are pointed out in a targeted manner.Finally,based on the advantages of high-tech technologies such as AI,big data,Internet of Things,and the 5th communication technology,and according to the needs and characteristics of agricultural atomization spraying,the research on atomization spraying technology assisted by various physical fields is prospected.