学问所系:汉大赋的文本建构

Where Scholarship Lies:The Textual Construction of Dafu of Han Dynasty

汉大赋假设问对、虚阔铺陈、博物胪列的文体特点之形成,有得于先秦诸子学说、纵横之谈及汉代经学系统的润泽,彰显大赋创作的学问所系意涵。赋家基于类思维,于赋中以类相从铺叙物事,体察物类情志,进而以夸饰技法,拈来远古神话和四方奇物,创造凌铄于现实的想象世界,最终落实到字词的繁难,名物敷写、物态形容的同形衍复,或因声造形,乃见学问。以致后世论赋必称才学,递相仿效汉作,竞技炫才,诗词创作也以学问为本,于宋代形成“以学问为诗(词)”的创作潮流,具有开创范式的意义。

The formation of the literary style of Dafu of Han dynasty,with its assumptions of questioning,description at great length,and extensive listing,was benefited from the theories of various scholars in the pre-Qin period,the vertical and horizontal talk and and the refinement of the Confucian system in the Han Dynasty,which revealed the connotation of the learned in the creation of Dafu.Based on the thinking of category,the Fu family narrated things in the form of category,perceived the emotions of things,and then used the technique of exaggeration to pick up ancient myths and strange things in all directions,created an imaginary world that was rooted in reality,and finally implemented the wording of the complex,the names and objects to write,the description of the same shape derivative,or the sound to create the shape,which was considered to be very knowledgeable.As a result,later generations must claim talent when discussing Fu,and it was of great significance to create a new paradigm by imitating Han Fu,competing to show off talent,and the creation of poetry was also based on learning.In the Song dynasty,the creative trend of“learning as poetry”was formed,which was of paradigm-setting significance.