国际贸易隐含碳研究进展

Research Progress on Embodied Carbon in International Trade

国际贸易隐含碳作为温室气体减排关键议题,对于全球气候治理具有重要意义。贸易隐含碳与碳泄漏和碳漏洞相关,碳泄漏是导致贸易隐含碳的原因之一,现行碳排放核算体系中忽视贸易隐含碳导致了碳漏洞问题。多区域投入产出模型和产品生命周期法等可用于测算贸易隐含碳排放规模及碳足迹,结构分解法和指数分解法等可用于锚定贸易隐含碳排放的影响因素。关于发达国家和发展中国家贸易隐含碳的实证研究趋于丰富。消费者和生产者之间如何分担温室气体减排责任一直是国际气候政策谈判中高度敏感的问题。一些学者质疑诸如碳关税等碳边境调整机制减少碳泄漏的有效性和实用性,另有学者运用多区域投入产出表中相关数据进行实证分析,并提出解决贸易隐含碳问题的新方案。本文梳理贸易隐含碳的起源演变、测算方法和影响因素的相关研究进展,以期为深入分析并解决贸易隐含碳排放问题提供理论支持。

As a key issue of greenhouse gas emission reduction,embodied carbon in international trade is of great significance for optimizing global climate governance.The concept of embodied carbon in international trade is related to carbon leakage and carbon loophole.Carbon leakage leads to embodied carbon in international trade.Carbon loopholes are caused by ignoring the embodied carbon in trade under the current emission accounting system.Methods like multiregional input-output models and product life cycle methods are used to calculate the scale of emissions embodied in trade and carbon footprint.Structural Decomposition Analysis and Index Decomposition Analysis are used to anchor the influencing factors of emissions embodied in trade.Empirical research on emissions embodied in trade for developed and developing countries is flourishing.How to share responsibility for greenhouse gas emissions between consumers and producers has always been a highly sensitive issue in international climate policy negotiations.Some researchers question the effectiveness and practicalities of carbon tax under the Border Carbon Adjustment scheme to reduce carbon leakage.Some researchers are proposing novel approach and scheme to solve problems of emissions embodied in trade for bilateral trade relationships using multiregional input-output data empirical analysis.