数字化转型、产业链供应链韧性与企业生产率

Digital Transformation,Resilience of Industrial Chain and Supply Chain,and Enterprise Productivity

当前提高企业生产率水平需要重点关注数字技术创新应用与产业链供应链动荡带来的深层影响。结合产业组织的纵向关系理论,本文指出,产业链供应链韧性的关键在于如何建立、维持和提升关联效应,并尝试从供需匹配优化、供需关系维持、供应质量提升三个层面对产业链供应链韧性的内涵和机制进行分析。通过匹配中国上市公司上下游供应商和客户数据,本文创新性地从产业链供应链韧性视角考察了下游企业数字化转型对上游企业生产率的影响及其传导机制。研究发现,下游企业数字化转型显著促进上游企业全要素生产率增长,表明数字化转型在产业链供应链纵向关系中存在后向溢出效应。机制检验结果表明,下游企业数字化转型主要通过优化供需匹配、稳定供需关系、提高供应商创新能力三个层面增强产业链供应链韧性,进而牵引上游企业全要素生产率增长。同时,这种后向溢出效应根据纵向关系结构特征的不同而存在异质性,包括上游供应商的规模、所有权性质以及下游客户端的市场影响力。本文研究结论表明,要围绕需求牵引和外部溢出来优化数字化转型政策,特别是要以下游企业数字化转型为突破口,推动产业链供应链韧性水平提升和纵向协同机制建设,同时注意分类施策和精准施策。

At present,to improve the total factor productivity(TFP)of enterprises,we should focus on the deep impact of digital technology innovation and application and the turbulence of the industrial chain and supply chain.Based on the vertical relationship theory of industrial organization,this paper points out that the key to understanding the resilience of the industrial chain and supply chain is how to establish,maintain and improve the linkage effect,and defines the connotation of the resilience of the industrial chain and supply chain from perspectives of supply-demand matching,supply-demand relation maintenance,and structural upgrading.By matching the data of both upstream and downstream suppliers and customers of Chinese listed companies,this paper examines the impact of the digital transformation of downstream enterprises on the growth of TFP of upstream enterprises and its mechanism from the perspective of the resilience of the industrial chain and supply chain.The paper finds that the digital transformation of downstream enterprises significantly promotes the growth of TFP of upstream enterprises,indicating that the digital transformation has a backward spillover effect in the vertical relationship of the industrial chain and supply chain.The mechanism test results show that the digital transformation of downstream enterprises mainly strengthens the resilience of the industrial chain and supply chain through optimizing the supply-demand matching,stabilizing the supply-demand relation,and improving suppliers'innovation ability,thereby driving the growth of TFP of upstream enterprises.In addition,the backward spillover effect is heterogeneous according to characteristics of vertical relationship structure,including the size of upstream suppliers,the nature of ownership,and the market influence of downstream customers.The conclusion of this paper shows that we should optimize the digital transformation policy around demand pull and external spillover,especially take digital transformation of downstream enterprises as a breakthrough,promote the improvement of the resilience of industrial chain and supply chain and the construction of vertical coordination mechanism,and pay attention to classified and precise measures.