马克思主义中的“评价”问题——从“塔克-伍德命题”谈起

The Problem of "Evaluation"in Marxism:Start with "Tucker-Wood Thesis"

“塔克-伍德命题”提出了“马克思主义评价”问题,即“马克思是否对资本主义作道德评价;是否有非道德评价方式;这些评价方式的地位与关系”。经典理论在资本主义道德评价上呈现出矛盾态度,这应从“唯物史观内部本质与非本质层次划分”角度解释。按此,道德评价的可能是在一个特定意义上被承认。但通过对经典理论中具体价值评价的性质甄别表明,其中的价值评价主要是历史评价,道德评价既不占数量上的主导,其功能也主要是服务于历史观的巩固。故总体意义上,“不作道德评价”是经典理论对资本主义的主要理解。这一评价状况的深层原因是经典理论中“科学与道德”两种基本思维关系问题即两种思维是分开的,且科学思维是主视野。就此而言,以往反驳“塔克-伍德命题”的道德主义立场,其论证走向了另一极端,导致马克思主义科学思维的遮蔽。

"Tucker-Wood Thesis"puts forward the problem of"Marxist evaluation".From the perspective of"the division of internal essential and non essential levels of historical materialism",the classical theory recognizes the possibility of capitalist moral evaluation,but this evaluation does not occupy a dominant position.The value evaluation in the classical theory is mainly historical evaluation,and the significance of moral evaluation is mainly to serve the maintenance of the cognition of historical view.Generally speaking,"no moral evaluation"is the main understanding of capitalism in classical theory.The problem of evaluation is essentially the relationship between the two basic Marxist thinking of"science and morality",that is,the two kinds of thinking in classical theory are separated,and scientific thinking is the main vision.This is the fundamental reason for the evaluation in classical theory.