网络犯罪刑法理论范式的体系化变革

The Systematic Reform of the Theoretical Paradigm of Criminal Law of Cyber Crime

网络犯罪的刑法规制是21世纪刑法理论必须回应的重要问题。早期的网络犯罪刑法理论具有表象化特征,“三分法”理论等侧重于对网络犯罪现象的类型归纳,后续学者又进行了多元化的保护法益探索。但上述理论既无法为网络犯罪提供明晰的分类界限,多元观点间也缺乏逻辑关联,存在以偏概全问题。网络刑法研究应当进行体系化思考,建立网络刑法理论的外在体系和内在体系。外在体系承担网络刑法的认识论功能,以类型化研究为重点,倡导对网络空间物理层犯罪、软件层犯罪、数据层犯罪、信息层犯罪实施分层保护;内在体系承担网络刑法的方法论功能,坚持问题导向,对网络犯罪共性法律适用问题分层进行教义学探讨,从而形成网络刑法的“中国模式”。

Criminal law regulations against cybercrimes are one of the most urgent problem categories to be imperatively solved by criminal law theorists in the 21st century.However,existing theories are unable to provide clear defining boundaries in legal practices,not to also mention that there is a lack of logical correlations among the diversified views and appears to be habitual overgeneralization and illgrounded judgements.It is necessary to exercise systematic thinking when studying cybercrime law,to establish not only extrinsic systems but also its intrinsic counterparts.On one hand,extrinsic systems shall assume the epistemological functions of cybercrime law,focusing primarily on the typological aspects of the research.Moreover,lessons need to be drawn from the technological framework of computer networks,based on which cyberspace crimes are to be classified from the ground up into physical,software,data,and network crime layers.On the other hand,intrinsic systems shall undertake the methodological functions of cybercrime law,stick firmly to the problem's orientation,and launch discussions on the specific doctrines pertaining to the common legal application problems across the diverse degrees of cybercrime,completing the preliminary systematization of cybercrime law principles of “China Model”.