微小RNA参与心肌缺血再灌注损伤的作用机制及研究进展

Mechanism and Research Progress of MicroRNA Involved in Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury

心肌缺血再灌注损伤(myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury,MIRI)是指当心肌组织经历缺血后,重新灌注血液时受到的损伤。缺血是指血液供应不足,这会导致心肌组织缺氧和能量供应不足。当血液再次流入心肌组织时,可能会引起一系列的生化和生理反应,导致心肌细胞损伤和死亡。预防MIRI的方法包括控制心脏病风险因素、减少冠状动脉阻塞、尽早进行血流重建手术等。此外,一些药物和治疗方法也可以用于减轻MIRI程度,包括抗氧化剂、钙拮抗剂、肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂等。微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)在MIRI中发挥重要作用,通过调控细胞凋亡、能量代谢障碍、氧化应激、自噬等多个信号通路参与调控MIRI的进程。在这些过程中,miRNA可以通过基本机制相互作用,进一步加重MIRI。因此,研究miRNA的作用机制对理解MIRI的病理生理过程及制订相关的治疗策略具有重要意义。本文对MIRI的基本机制、miRNA概述、调控机制以及当前存在的问题进行了综述。

Myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury(MIRI)refers to the injury that occurs when myocardial tissue undergoes ischemia followed by reperfusion of blood.Ischemia refers to an insufficient blood supply,which leads to hypoxia of myocardial tissue and an insufficient energy supply.When blood flows again into myocardial tissue,a series of biochemical and physiological responses may be elicited,leading to cardiomyocyte injury and death.Approaches to prevent MIRI include control of cardiac risk factors,reduction of coronary obstruction and early initiation of revascularization procedures.In addition,some drugs and therapies can also be used to attenuate the degree of MIRI,including antioxidants,calcium antagonists,renin-angiotensin system inhibitors and so on.MicroRNA(miRNA)plays an important role in MIRI and are involved in regulating the process of MIRI by regulating several signaling pathways,such as apoptosis,energy metabolism disorder,oxidative stress and autophagy.In these processes,miRNA can interact with each other through basic mechanisms to further aggravate MIRI.Therefore,studying the mechanism of action of miRNA is of great importance for understanding the pathophysiological process of MIRI and for developing relevant therapeutic strategies.This article reviewed the basic mechanism of MIRI,miRNA overview,regulatory mechanism and current problems.