2015—2020年福建省冰毒成瘾者流行病学特征及中医证素分布情况

Epidemiological Characteristics and TCM Syndrome ElementsDistribution of Methamphetamine Addicts in FujianProvince from 2015 to 2020

目的:研究福建省冰毒成瘾者的流行病学特征及中医证素分布情况。方法:选取2015年1月—2020年2月于福州市强制隔离戒毒所内戒毒的2707名冰毒成瘾者,分析冰毒成瘾者流行病学及中医证素分布情况。结果:①福建省冰毒成瘾者以男性、青年、未婚、无职业、初中及以下文化程度居多;②好奇心理和他人引诱是吸毒的主要原因;复吸原因排名前三为毒友影响、打发无聊时间和消除烦恼;③中医证素特征:病位证素以肾、肝、脾为主;虚性病性证素以气虚、阳虚、血虚、阴虚为主;实性证素以气滞、湿、痰为主;④聚类分析结果显示,脾肾阳气亏虚、肝郁气滞兼有阴血亏虚、痰浊蒙蔽心窍兼痰湿阻胃是其主要证型。结论:冰毒成瘾涉及多脏腑、气血功能失调,临床上呈现虚实夹杂并且以虚为主的复杂证候,相关戒毒工作者应充分结合流行病学特征开展戒毒,积极运用中医药方法进行戒毒、防复吸治疗。

Objective:To study the epidemiological characteristics and distribution of Chinese medical syndrome elements of methamphetamine addicts in Fujian Province.Methods:A total of 2707 methamphetamine addicts were selected from January 2015 to February 2020 in Fuzhou compulsory isolation drug rehabilitation Center to analyze the epidemiology of methamphetamine addicts and the distribution of TCM syndrome elements.Results:①The majority of methamphetamine addicts in Fujian Province were male,young,unmarried,unemployed and educated at junior high school or below.②Curiosity and other people’s temptation are the main reasons for their drug use.Influenced by drug friends,killing boredom and eliminating worries were the top three reasons for relapse.③Essential characteristics of TCM syndromes:kidney,liver and spleen are the main syndromes elements of disease location.The syndrome elements of deficiency quality of disease are mainly qi deficiency,yang deficiency,blood deficiency,yin deficiency.Excess quality syndrome elements are mainly qi stagnation,phlegm and dampness.④Cluster analysis showed that the main syndromic types were spleen-kidney yang deficiency,liver depression and qi stagnation combined with yin-blood depletion,phlegm clouding the heart spirit combined with Phlegm and dampness stagnate the stomach.Conclusion:Methamphetamine addiction involves multiple disharmony of viscera and bowels,qi and blood.Clinical syndrome presents as deficiency-excess complex and predominantly deficiency.Relevant drug rehabilitation workers should fully integrate epidemiological features to carry out drug rehabilitation,and actively use Chinese medicine methods for drug rehabilitation and anti-relapse treatment.