乡村振兴背景下民族地区县域文旅产业发展分析——基于2018年和2020年调查数据

Development of Cultural and Tourism Industry of Counties on the Context of Rural Revitalization in Ethnic Areas:Based on Survey Data from 2018 and 2020

本文基于中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所课题组2018年和2020年开展的两次民族地区县域文旅产业问卷调查,尤其是追踪调查的39个县或自治县(市/旗)文旅产业发展数据,对民族地区县域文旅产业发展指标体系内容调整后,测算了2020年民族地区县域文旅产业发展指数,比较分析了两年民族地区县域文旅产业的发展状况,并利用基尼系数分解方法分析了县域经济发展、道路交通基础设施、文旅产业发展现状、文旅产业资源、县级政府扶持五个方面对民族地区不同县域文旅产业发展不平衡的具体影响。主要结论为:第一,民族地区县域文旅产业发展水平依然较低,2018-2020年有的县域文旅产业下降,但有些2018年文旅产业发展水平低的县域在2020年文旅产业发展实现了正增长。第二,民族地区县域文旅产业发展在南方和北方存在差异。第三,民族地区县域文旅产业发展差距有所扩大。第四,五个一级指标对民族地区文旅产业发展差距的影响在2018年和2020年既有相同之处也有所不同。

Two surveys of cultural and tourism industry of the counties in ethnic areas were carried out by the research group of the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in 2018and 2020.Based on the data of the above surveys,especially the development data of cultural and tourism industry in 39counties or autonomous counties in the two years,this paper calculates the development index of cultural and tourism industry in counties in ethnic areas in 2020.The developments of cultural and tourism industry in counties in two years are compared and analyzed.With Gini decomposition method the effects of five factors are discussed on inequality of the development index of cultural and tourism industry in counties,and the five factors are the development economics in counties,road and traffic infrastructure,the development of culture and tourism industry,resources of culture and tourism industry,and support of county-level government.The main conclusions are drawn.First,the overall level of development of county-level cultural and tourism industries in ethnic areas is still not high,the development of culture and tourism industry of some counties decreased from 2018to2020and the index of some counties was lower in 2018,but increased in 2020.Second,there are differences between south and north in ethnic areas.Third,the inequality of the index of county-level cultural and tourism industries increased.Forth,the five first levels of index system have different effects on the total index of culture and tourism industry.