乳源外泌体在乳腺炎防控中的生物学功能研究进展

Progress on Biological Function of Milk-Derived Exosomes in Prevention and Control of Mastitis

外泌体是一种广泛存在于动物体液组织中的纳米细胞外囊泡。作为一种载体,包裹蛋白质、脂质、核酸、聚糖等,可介导细胞间的信息转递。乳源性外泌体,作为哺乳动物机体常见外泌体,被机体消化道吸收后可有效促进免疫系统和防御系统功能,其携带的miRNA和功能蛋白质可改变乳腺上皮细胞基因表达,并参与细胞炎症反应和免疫应答调节。近几年国内外学者将乳源外泌体作为标记分子用于奶牛乳腺炎的诊断,或以其作为药物的载体或靶点,用于奶牛乳腺炎的预防和治疗。论文对有关乳源外泌体在乳腺炎防控中的研究进行了总结,帮助了解乳源外泌体在乳腺炎发生发展中的调节作用,旨在为进一步提升乳源外泌体在奶牛乳腺炎防治中的应用提供参考。

Exosomes are a kind of nanocellular vesicles widely existing in animal body fluid tissues.As a carrier,it encapsulates proteins,lipids,nucleic acids,glycans,etc.,and mediates information transfer between cells.Lactation-derived exosomes,as a common mammalian exosome,can effectively promote the function of the immune system and defense system after being absorbed by the digestive tract of the body.The miRNA and functional proteins carried by the exosomes can change the gene expression of mammary epithelial cells,and participate in the regulation of cellular inflammation and immune response.In recent years,domestic and foreign scholars have used milk-derived exosomes as marker molecules for the diagnosis of dairy cow mastitis,or as drug carriers or targets for the prevention and treatment of dairy cow mastitis.This paper summarizes the research results on the function of milk-derived exosomes in the prevention and control of mastitis in recent years,to help better understand the regulatory role of milk-derived exosomes in the occurrence and development of mastitis,and to provide reference for further improving the application of milk-derived exosomes in the prevention and control of mastitis in dairy cows.