海口地区初中生恒牙龋患及影响因素分析

Prevalence and risk factors of permanent tooth caries among junior high school students in Haikou

目的 了解海口地区初中生恒牙龋病流行状况及影响因素,为初中生龋病防治工作提供依据。方法 2022年3-9月采用分层整群抽样方法,分别在海口市城区和乡镇随机抽取4所初中共3 573名学生,进行问卷调查和口腔检查,计算分析患龋率、龋均、充填率和窝沟封闭率,应用Logistic回归分析恒牙患龋的影响因素。结果 初中生患龋率为47.32%(1 691名),龋均1.51,患龋率女生(49.59%)高于男生(44.95%),乡镇(50.77%)高于城区(44.04%),差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为16.25,7.72,P值均<0.05)。初中生恒牙龋补充填率为17.13%,窝沟封闭率为6.27%,均为城区(18.97%,7.17%)高于乡镇(15.76%,5.33%),差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为9.57,5.13,P值均<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,女生、居住乡镇、每日进食甜食≥1次、每日喝饮料≥1次、经常/每晚睡前进食与初中生恒牙患龋呈正相关(OR值分别为1.41,1.45,2.63,2.09,1.53),每日使用含氟牙膏,学校口腔健康宣教呈负相关(OR值分别为0.44,0.34)(P值均<0.05)。结论 海口地区初中生恒牙患龋率处较高水平,龋补充填率和窝沟封闭率较低。应重点针对高危学生进行龋病防治,并在学校加强口腔健康宣教,提高初中生口腔健康水平。

Objective To describe the prevalence of permanent tooth caries and associated factors among junior high school students in Haikou,and to provide reliable evidence for prevention and control of caries.Methods A total of 3573 students from 8 junior high school in Haikou City and towns were selected by the methods of clustered sampling survey.Questionnaire survey and oral health examinations were conducted to analyze the caries rate,mean decayed-missing-filled tooth(DMFT),filling rate,pit and fissure sealant rate.Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of caries in permanent tooth.Results Among the surveyed junior high school students,the caries rate was 47.32%(n=1691),the mean DMFT was 1.51.The caries rate and mean DMFT were higher in female students(49.59%)than in male students(44.95%),and higher in towns(50.77%)than in urban areas(44.04%),the difference were statistically significant(χ^(2)=16.25,7.72,P<0.05).The filling rate and pit and fissure sealant rate among junior high school students in Haikou were 17.13%,6.27% respectively.The filling rate and pit and fissure sealant rate were higher in urban areas(18.97%,7.17%)than towns(15.76%,5.33%),the difference were statistically significant(χ^(2)=9.57,5.13,P<0.05).The multivariate Logistic analysis showed that female student,town residence,daily consumption of sweets or sugary drinks(≥1 time),bedtime snack were risk factors for junior high school students suffering from permanent dental caries(OR=1.41,1.45,2.63,2.09,1.53),while using fluoride toothpaste daily,oral education in school were protective factors(OR=0.44,0.34)(P<0.05).Conclusion The caries rate of permanent teeth among junior high school students in Haikou is at high level,but the filling rate of caries and pit and fissure sealant rate are lower.The prevention and treatment of dental caries should be carried out in high risk students,and oral health education in school is also needed to improve the oral health level of junior high school students.