摘要
Introduction"Space"and "topography"have very specific meanings in the modern world. "Space"is an external void,an empty physical area to be acted upon. "Topography"is the "configuration of the surface relief"of the earth,a human body,or another object.Both words are technical terms implying the existence of externalities or abstractions;'spaces and topography that can be measured,recorded,observed,and acted upon.In this they are associated with the Enlightenment concept of "landscape"as external,viewable,and empirically understandable through objective scientific observation and recording,often for imperialist purposes.
