新中国成立初期密植经验的形成及推广--以杭州市络麻种植为例(1952—1957)

The Formation and Promotion of Dense Planting Experience in the Early Days of the Founding of People's Republic of China:A Case Study of Hangzhou Jute Planting(1952-1957)

传统中国关于农业种植密度即有争议。受米丘林等学说影响形成的密植经验,随着苏联农业专家来华而传入中国,并被推广至各种农作物。在总结劳动模范、典型合作社丰产经验的基础上,经过试验,杭州在1955年初步形成了络麻密植经验。最初推广时,农民出于经济收益以及劳动力等因素考虑,对密植有所抵触。农业技术推广站的成立以及农业合作化运动的发展大大推动了密植经验的推广。由于积极听取农民实践意见,杭州市政府意识到密植需要与肥料、劳动力等保持协调,不可过多增加络麻株数,并提出了较为合理的密植要求。总体来说,这一时期密植经验的推广较为稳妥,虽带有较强的非经济因素,但较为注重农民实践,不应一律否定。然而,密植经验所蕴含的“愈密愈好”倾向则为农业“大跃进”的出现埋下了伏笔。

Traditional Chinese have disputes about agricultural planting density.The dense planting experience formed under the influence of Michurin and other theories was introduced to China as Soviet agricultural experts came to China and was extended to various crops.On the basis of summarizing the highyield experience of model workers and typical cooperatives,after experiments,Hangzhou initially formed the experience of dense planting of jute in 1955.When it was first promoted,farmers resisted dense planting due to factors such as economic benefits and labor.The establishment of agricultural technology extension stations and the development of agricultural cooperative movement greatly promoted the extension of dense planting experience.As a result of actively listening to the practical opinions of farmers,Hangzhou government realized that close planting needs to maintain coordination with fertilizers and labor,not to increase the number of jute plants too much,and put forward more reasonable dense planting requirements.Generally speaking,the promotion of dense planting experience during this period is relatively safe.Although it has strong non-economic factors,it pays more attention to farmers'practice,which cannot be denied.However,the tendency of"the denser the better"contained in the experience of dense planting foreshadowed the emergence of the"great leap forward"in agriculture.