福生庄粮食购销问题研究--兼论国民政府全面抗战初期的粮政演变

Research on the Grain Business by Fushengzhuang with a Comment on the Grain Policy Change during the Chinese War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression

作为抗战初期从事粮食购销业务的兼管机构,农本局福生庄在1939年1月至1941年1月期间,积极设立分支庄,开展粮食购销业务,一是自办粮食购销业务,二是协助收购第二期抗战的后方屯粮,三是购储四川省新谷,四是办理粮食平价购销业务,取得了一定成效。1940年底的平价购销处舞弊案导致农本局备受多方指责,福生庄亦成为被指责的对象,且因之被裁撤,其所营粮食购销业务亦划归全国粮食管理局接收。从福生庄到全国粮管局再到粮食部,随着粮食危机的显现与日益严重,国民政府管理粮食的理念日趋强化,管理机构从兼管走向专管,职权更为集中,各项粮政也日益完善与成熟,为达成抗战胜利的目标提供了坚实的物质保证。

During the period from January 1939 to January 1941,Fushengzhuang,as a part-time agency engaged in grain buying and selling business in the early days of the Chinese War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression,actively set up branches to carry out grain business.Firstly,Fushengzhuang run its own grain business;Secondly,to assist in the acquisition of the second phase of war grain;Thirdly,to purchase and store new grain from Sichuan Province,and Fourthly,to handle grain parity business,which achieved certain success.As a result of the fraud case,the Bureau of Agriculture was accused by many parties in the late of 1940,and Fushengzhuang was also the target of the accusation,so its grain business was abolished and transferred to the National Grain Administration.From Fushengzhuang to the National Grain Administration then to the Ministry of Grain,as the food crisis emerged and became more and more serious,the Republican China Government's philosophy of food management was increasingly strengthened,and the management agencies moved from part-time management to all-time management,with more centralized authority,and the various food policies became more and more perfect and mature,which providing a solid material guarantee for achieving the goal of victory in the Chinese War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.