中国农业文化遗产话语的百年进路与本土化建构

The Centennial Approach and Localization Construction of Chinese Agricultural Heritage Discourse

作为一种话语实践,农业文化遗产及其价值并非不证自明,而是经历了至少百年的话语构建历程。从近代社会的话语萌发,到新中国成立后农业历史学的学术话语实践,再到联合国粮农组织构建的权威性遗产话语体系,农业文化遗产的价值尺度逐步从个人与家庭的变成国家与国际的,期间国际组织、中国政府及专家学者等逐步合流掌握了遗产的话语权。尽管主导当下遗产实践的权威性遗产话语依然是对农业文化遗产最具意义的表达与阐释,但其本质上是一种西欧中心主义话语,遗产的多样性被“标准化”,同时在权力关系的分离与倒错现象中容易造成遗产的失真。构建农业文化遗产本土话语体系,需要在统合话语分析理论的基础上,以农业历史为基、地方叙事为本、农民群体为重、外国话语为参去开展话语“再建构”。

As a discourse practice,agricultural heritage and its value are not self-evident,but have gone through at least a century of discourse construction process.From the emergence of discourse in modern society,to the academic discourse practice of agricultural history after the founding of New China,and to the authoritative heritage discourse system constructed by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization,the value scale of agricultural heritage has gradually shifted from individual and family to national and international.During this period,international organizations,the Chinese government,and experts and scholars gradually merged to master the discourse power of heritage.Although the authoritative discourse that dominates the current practice of agricultural heritage is still the most meaningful expression and interpretation of agricultural heritage,it is essentially a discourse of Western European Centralism,where the diversity of heritage is“standardized”,and at the same time,the separation and inversion of power relations can easily cause distortion of heritage.Building a local discourse system for agricultural heritage requires the integration of discourse analysis theory,with agricultural history as the foundation,local narrative as the foundation,farmer groups as the focus,and foreign discourse as the participation to carry out discourse“reconstruction”.