经验理性与自然正义--论先秦至汉初的农业自然法

Empirical Rationality and Natural Justice:On the Natural Law of Agriculture from the Pre-Qin Dynasty to the Early Han Dynasty

自然法是指法律产生的一种自然现象,是客观事物发展的必然性和人类活动理性的表达。农业是利用自然界生物机体的生命力,把自然界的物质和能量转化为人类生存发展的生活资料的生产部门,遵循客观事物发展的必然性,人类活动的理性是发展农业生产所必须的。公平分配土地,确保土地所有权不受侵犯,提高土地的利用效率;遵循林木、渔业生产的时令;实行什一税赋制,同时根据居民从事的事类采取因地制宜、因事制宜的税赋政策;在劳役派遣、戍边分派方面确保农业生产所需的劳动力,司法活动避开农忙时间。经验理性与自然正义是中国早期农业自然法主要内容,是中国古代农业文明的重要内容。

Natural law refers to a natural phenomenon produced by law,which is the expression of the inevitability of the development of objective things and the rationality of human activities.Agriculture is a production department that uses the vitality of natural organisms to transform the material and energy of nature into the means of life for human survival and development.It follows the inevitability of the development of objective things,and the rationality of human activities is necessary for the development of agricultural production.Distribute land fairly to ensure that land ownership is not infringed and improve the efficiency of land use;Follow the season of forest and fishery production;The tithe tax system was implemented,and the tax policy of adjusting measures to local conditions and circumstances was adopted according to the type of business the residents were engaged in;Ensure the labor force required for agricultural production in terms of labor dispatching and border defense dispatching,and judicial activities should avoid busy farming hours.Empirical rationality and natural justice are the main content of China's early agricultural natural law and the important content of China's ancient agricultural civilization.