湖南传统村落地名文化景观的空间特征

Study on the spatial characteristics of the place name cultural landscape of Hunan traditional villages

针对传统村落地名文化景观的空间分布问题,该文以湖南省5批共658个中国传统村落为例,借助ArcGIS10.2平台,综合应用核密度估计、局部空间自相关、最邻近点指数等方法,描述了传统村落地名文化景观的空间特征,并分析了影响因素。结果显示,湖南传统村落地名文化景观的空间分布呈不均衡状态,热点地区在省域西部与南部。自然景观类地名多于人文景观类地名,以水文类地名、地形地貌类地名居多,地形地貌类地名凝聚在地势高峻的山区,水文类地名大多数分布于沅江和湘江流域;人文景观类地名同区域经济社会环境、历史文化环境关系紧密,其中,姓氏命名类地名反映了人口的分布与迁移,建筑园林类和美好寓意类地名是当地民俗、建筑、信仰等文化特征的反映。

The study mainly focuses on the spatial distribution of the cultural landscape of traditional village place names.Taking ArcGIS10.2 platform and 658 traditional villages in Hunan Province as research cases,the paper describes the spatial characteristics of the cultural landscape of place names in traditional villages by using kernel density estimation,local spatial autocorrelation,nearest neighbor index and other methods,and analyzes the influencing factors.The spatial distribution of the toponymic cultural landscape of traditional villages in Hunan is unbalanced,with the hot spots in the west and south of the province.Natural landscape names are more than human landscape names,with hydrological names and topographical names in the majority.Topographic and geomorphic names are concentrated in high mountains,and hydrological names are mostly distributed in the Yuanjiang River and Xiangjiang River basins.Human landscape place names are related to the regional socio-economic environment,historical and cultural environment.Among them,the names of surnames reflect the distribution and migration of the population,and the names of architectural gardens and beautiful moral symbols reflect the local folk customs,architecture,beliefs and other cultural characteristics.