同行评议和量化评价的制度化及悖论——基于评价社会学的视角

The Institutionalization of Research Evaluation and Its Dilemma:Based on a perspective of sociology of valuation

本文引入评价社会学理论视角,认为科研评价不仅是一个“技术问题”,更是一个动态的社会过程,其核心是类别化和合法化。基于这一框架,文章梳理了二战后美国等科技发达国家科研评价制度的演化历程,分析和发现了同行评议在成为科研评价关键机制的同时却饱受批评,以及量化评价在迅速流行的同时不断遭遇抵抗的理论逻辑和实践困境。研究初步检验了评价社会学理论视角对科研评价问题的洞察力和解释力。

Drawing on insights from sociology of valuation and evaluation(SVE),the paper focuses on categorization and legitimation as the key processes and underlying forces of research evaluation system.Based on the theoretical framework,this article explores the evolution of the research evaluation system in the United States and other developed countries after the"World War II",and illustrates the transformation of categorization and legitimation has promoted the institutionalization of peer review and quantitative evaluation.The research preliminarily tested the inspiration and explanatory power of SVE on research evaluation issues.