神经母细胞瘤动物模型研究进展与应用

Advances and Applications in Animal Models of Neuroblastoma

神经母细胞瘤(neuroblastoma,NB)是儿童最常见的实体恶性肿瘤,居我国儿童肿瘤发病率第四位,占儿童肿瘤死亡人数的15%,高危患者存活率低。目前对于NB的发病及药物治疗机制知之甚少。NB动物模型可以表征NB发展特征,是研究预防和治疗NB的重要工具,然而尚未有一种动物模型可以模拟人类NB的所有特征。本文介绍了当前研究较多的几种NB动物模型(小鼠模型、鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜模型和斑马鱼模型),并对每种NB动物模型的种类、构建方法、特征、优缺点及研究进展做了详细阐述,同时对NB的应用方向及前景进行概括,以期为NB动物模型构建和NB治疗等提供理论依据。

Neuroblastoma(NB)is one of the most common malignant solid tumors in children,ranks fourth in the incidence of pediatric tumors,and accounts for 15%of pediatric tumor deaths in children in China.Despite the development of new treatment options,the prognosis for high-risk patients is still poor.An animal model that can replicate the tumorigenesis of NB is an important tool for the prevention and treatment of NB.However,there are currently no animal models that can simulate all features of human NB.To provide a reference for the construction of animal models and treatment of NB,this article introduced several animal models of NB that have been extensively researched:the mouse,chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane,and zebrafish models.At the same time,it elaborated on the species,construction methods,characteristics,advantages and disadvantages,and research progress in NB.