美国对华关税策略解析与应对建议

Strategic Analysis of U.S.Tariffs on China and Countermeasures

当前,由于中美经贸纷争不断及结构性矛盾突出,两国经贸对抗的紧张关系短期内难以缓解,中美贸易面临双边高额关税的持续化和常态化挑战。破解美国对华持续征收高额关税的贸易政策并采取有效应对措施,成为当前我国稳定外贸应考虑的关键问题。美国新一届政府的对华关税政策体现了以严格审查为基础的战略耐心、以高关税为谈判杠杆的战略思路和以关税问题高度政治化为方向的战略意图。为应对美国对华的高关税政策,建议中国企业利用321条款化整为零通关,优化输美产品的出运模式和进口清关方式;利用原产地规则进行加工贸易转移,灵活利用最惠国待遇身份;利用排除程序提交申请,以充分合理的辩护理由赢得豁免。长期看,中国海外加工贸易应选择能够享受优惠关税待遇的国家或地区,设立海外制造基地,调整企业在全球范围的制造分工布局,积极联合美国供应商、终端客户、行业协会等各利益关联体加入豁免申请。

At present,due to the continuous political and economic disputes and the prominent structural contradictions between China and U.S.,the tension in the economic and trade confrontation between the two countries is still difficult to ease.In this regard,cracking the US trade policy of continuously imposing high tariffs on China and taking effective countermeasures have become the key issues to stabilize China's foreign trade export.The new U.S.administration's tariff policy on China embodies strategic patience based on strict scrutiny,strategic thinking that uses high tariffs as a lever for negotiations,and strategic intentions aimed at highly politicizing the tariff issue.In response to the high tariff policy of the United States,it is suggested that Chinese enterprises should use Section 321 to break up customs clearance,optimize the export mode and import customs clearance method of products exported to the United States;use the rules of origin to process trade transfers,and flexibly use the status of most-favored-nation treatment;submit an application using the exclusion process to obtain an exemption on sufficient and reasonable grounds.In the long run,China's overseas processing trade should choose countries or regions that can enjoy preferential tariff treatment,set up overseas manufacturing camps,adjust the global manufacturing division of enterprises,and actively cooperate with US suppliers,end customers,industry associations and other stakeholders to join the exemption application.