中国-东盟海区及邻域表层沉积物类型研究现状与展望

Research status and prospect of surface sediment types in the China-ASEAN seas and adjacent areas

表层沉积物类型图是海洋地质系列图的主要图件之一,可直观反映出海底沉积物的分布特征和变化规律。中国-东盟海区及邻域海底沉积物类型调查和研究程度差异明显,中国海域调查程度较高,底质数据详细可靠,马六甲海峡和印度尼西亚西部海区相对较好,而西太平洋和印度洋北部大部分地区资料较为缺乏。该海域表层沉积物主要是陆源碎屑沉积物、生物源-陆源碎屑沉积物、深海沉积物、生物源沉积物和火山源沉积物,综合已有资料划分为三个沉积区。东亚大陆边缘海沉积区以陆源碎屑沉积物为主,西太平洋大陆坡沉积区以陆源碎屑沉积物和生物源-陆源碎屑沉积物为主,西太平洋和印度洋北部远洋沉积区以内源成因沉积为主。影响该区海底沉积物分布的主要因素是沉积物物源、地形、水动力环境以及构造活动等。中国-东盟海区及邻域表层沉积物类型图的编制可为深入理解不同地质和气候背景下太平洋和印度洋的沉积物分布及规律提供依据。

The map of surface sediment types is one of the main components of marine geological series maps,which is used to describe the distribution characteristics and variation patterns of seafloor sediments.There are significant differences in the investigation and research levels of seafloor sediment types in the China-ASEAN seas and its adjacent regions.The investigation level in Chinese seas is relatively high,and the bottom data is detailed and reliable.The Malacca Strait and the western Indonesian sea areas are relatively well-investigated,while most of the data in the western Pacific and northern Indian Ocean are lacking.The surface sediments in those areas are mainly composed of terrigenous clastic sediments,biogenic-terrigenous clastic sediments,deep-sea sediments,biogenic sediments,and volcanogenic sediments,which are divided into three sedimentary areas based on the present data.The sedimentary area of the East Asian continental margin sea is dominated by terrigenous clastic sediments,while the sedimentary area of the western Pacific continental slope is dominated by terrigenous clastic sediments and biogenic-terrigenous clastic sediments.The pelagic sedimentary area of the western Pacific and northern Indian Ocean is significantly dominated by endogenic sediments.The main factors affecting the distribution of seafloor sediments in the areas are sediment sources,topography,hydrodynamic environment,and tectonic activity.The compilation of the map of surface sediment types in the China-ASEAN seas and adjacent areas helps us to understand the distribution and patterns of sediment in the Pacific and Indian Oceans under different geological and climatic backgrounds.