有法还是无法:谢赫“六法”内涵与体系辨析

With or Without Principles:the Connotation and System of the “Six Principles” by Xie He

谢赫“六法”被视为“千载画宗”。但自唐张彦远以来,关于“六法”的释读不乏争议。主要集中于:一是“六法”具体所指,尤其是第一法“气韵生动”所指;二是“六法”的关系,这又着重表现在“气韵生动”与其他五者的关系上。解读庞杂,疑惑重重。近年更有学者提出,“六法”并非谨严之体系,其思考、表述颇具随意性。通过综合考察谢赫有关“六法”的表述及对27位画家的具体品评,可以认为,谢赫“六法”概括了绘画创作和品评的六大方面,诸法之间自有联系,构成了一个有机的整体。谢赫对于绘画的品评,正是以“六法”为依据,“六法”至今仍有其生命力。

The “six principles” by Xie He have been regarded as “painting master for thousand years”.Since Zhang Yanyuan in the Tang Dynasty,discussion continued on the connotation of the “six principles”.These discussion is concerned with these issues:the first is what the “six principles” refers to,in particular the first principle “vivid flavor”;the second is the relationships among the “six principles”,in particular the relationship between the principle of “vivid flavor” and other five principles.The discussion is rich but the problems still exists.In recent years some scholar proposed that the “six principles” is not a rigorous system so that the thinking and expression is contingent.After comprehensive investigation of the expression of Xie He's “six principles” and the specific review on 27 painters,it can be seen that Xie He's “six principles” generalized six aspects of painting creation and review and each of them are interdependent and integrated.Xie He's criticism of painting is based on the “six principles”,which is still alive nowadays.