电子数据冻结:一种新兴的证据保全措施

Electronic evidence freeze:An emerging evidence preservation measure

电子数据冻结作为一种新兴侦查措施,实现了由“财产型冻结”向“证据型冻结”的扩展,这不仅意味着冻结措施适用对象的重大变革,也带来价值功能、法律性质、具体制度等方面的巨大转型。电子数据冻结属于侦查措施而不是技术措施,它是否属于强制性侦查措施,需要结合电子数据类型予以具体分析。电子数据冻结作为证据型保全措施,与财产冻结在适用范围、运行程序、冻结期限等方面有较大差异。电子数据冻结会对第三方主体正常经营活动产生消极影响,其适用顺位具有置后性,仅在无法适用扣押、封存来保全电子数据时才可以适用。虽然我国已经初步建立了较为完善电子数据冻结制度,但仍然有较大的完善空间。

As a new investigative measure,electronic evidence freeze has extended the scope of freeze from property to evidence,which makes a great change in the object,function,legal nature and rules of freeze.Electronic evidence freeze is an investigative measure rather than technical measure.Whether electronic evidence freeze belongs to compulsory investigative measure or arbitrary investigative measure,it depends on the type of electronic evidence.As an evidence preservation measure,electronic evidence freeze is different from the property freeze in the scope of application,operation procedure,freeze period and so on.Electronic evidence freeze has negative impacts on the normal activities of the third party.Its application is in postposition and it could only be applied when seizure and storage cannot preserve electronic evidence.Although China has initially established a relatively complete electronic data freezing system,there is stil significant room for improvement.