加盟创业者何以成为加盟打工者?——小微餐饮连锁经营中的非典型劳动研究

How Did Franchise Entrepreneurs Become Franchise Workers?A Study on the Atypical Labor in Small Franchise Restaurant Business

在大众创业的时代,加盟创业成为部分灵活就业者的从业选择。然而一些加盟创业者并未实现创业梦,而是成为了一种非典型劳动者,即加盟打工者。本文对C省T餐饮公司的小微加盟连锁店进行个案研究,通过考察分析这些加盟创业者在实际经营过程中与总部公司的关系互动,发现其中存在着劳动的“从属性”,以此揭示了加盟创业活动本质上是一种新的非典型劳动,双方的经营合作关系掩盖了非典型劳动关系。这些加盟创业者不仅承接着公司转嫁的成本和风险,而且受到公司的全方位管理。由此,导致他们既无法成为真正独立的经营者,也无法被纳入劳动法律体系的保护框架下,并且面临着成为工作贫穷阶层(working poor)的风险。

In the era of mass entrepreneurship,joining a franchise business has become a career choice for some job seekers.However,some franchisees have not become imaginary bosses,but have become atypical laborers,i.e.,franchise workers.This paper conducted a case study on the small franchise business of Catering Company T in Province C.By analyzing the interaction between franchisees and headquarters in business processes,we find a labor subordination concealed by the business partnership,thus revealing that the franchise entrepreneurial activities are essentially a new kind of atypical labor.The franchisees bear the costs and risks passed on by headquarters and are subject to the headquarters'overall management and precise control of their income.As a result,they can neither be independent operators nor workers in the general sense and are at risk of becoming working poor.