农业起源与社会转型的三种模式——以中国北方、西亚与墨西哥高原的比较为视角

Three Models of Agricultural Origin and Social Transition:A Comparison between Northern China,West Asia,and Mexico Highland

本文对中国北方、西亚和墨西哥高原农业起源之际的经济、社会变迁轨迹进行了比较,发现在西亚地区,定居生活和大型社群组织的建立先于动植物资源驯化;在墨西哥高原,定居化的村落组织出现在成熟农业建立之后;而在中国,定居化的村落生活立足于植物资源初步驯化的基础上,并为之后向成熟农业经济的转变奠定了基础。上述三地的社会变迁与生业转型之间的互动关系,为我们思考不同地区农业起源的动因机制提供了启发。

This paper compares the trajectories of social-economic transformations resulted from the origins of agriculture in North China,West Asia,and Mexico Highlands.Our results indicate that while sedentism and population nucleation emerged before domestication in West Asia,sedentary settlements did not appear until the establishment of fully developed agriculture in the Mexico Highlands.In Northern China,sedentary lifeways occurred after the initial domestication of crops and paved the way for the further development towards a full-fledged agriculture.Such divergent interactions between social changes and subsistence transformation provide valuable insights for investigating the dynamics of the origins of agriculture across different regions.