利益集团、政党与美国的入境移民政策变迁

Interest Groups,Political Parties,and the Changes in Immigration Policies for Entry in the United States

“9·11”事件后,美国政府推动了移民政策改革,试图在实现经济发展利益的同时,减少移民给美国社会带来的负面影响。但是,移民政策改革的反复不仅没有从根本上改变经济衰微的现状,反而激化了美国社会的矛盾。通过比较研究美国四届政府入境移民政策的变迁可以发现美国入境移民政策的形成主要受利益集团和政党政治的影响,两者共同决定了美国的入境移民政策限制性变化幅度。政党政治影响了美国总统和国会的移民政策偏好,而利益集团则是美国入境移民政策调整的主要动力。

After 9/11,the US government promoted immigration policy reform,attempting to reduce the negative impact of immigration on American society while achieving economic development benefits.However,the repetition of immigration policy reform not only did not fundamentally change the current state of economic decline,but also intensified the contradictions in American society.Through a comparative study of the changes in the immigration policies of the four administrations of the United States,we can found that the formation of the immigration policies of the United States is mainly affected by interest groups and political party,which together co-determination the restrictive changes in the immigration policies of the United States.Political party has influenced the immigration policy preferences of the President and Congress of the United States,and interest groups are the main driving force for the adjustment of the immigration policy of the United States.