数字贸易中有关网络安全的主要挑战、治理进路及对策

The Main Challenges,Governance Approaches and Countermeasures of Cybersecurity in Digital Trade

地缘政治影响的不确定性、经济水平的差异使各国采取保护主义措施的政策空间增加,数字贸易领域所产生的网络安全威胁与日俱增。一国的网络安全措施可能违反世界贸易组织(WTO)和自由贸易协定(FTA)的各项承诺,但可根据其中的安全例外或一般例外条款为其国内政策提供合法依据。数字贸易中有关网络安全的主要挑战,包括但不限于数据隐私保护的差异、数据跨境流动的限制与数据管辖权的无序扩张。在互联网时代社会治理创新的背景下,治理主体由公私合作治理的“二元”向多元主体共治的“多元”格局转变,应用在网络安全治理上可以回应相关挑战。我国政府应为跨国企业构建多元主体共治的网络安全体系,在维护网络安全、国家安全基础上,提出数字贸易中有关网络安全的治理对策,加快构建网络空间命运共同体。

The uncertainty of geopolitical influence and differences in economic levels increase the policy space for countries to take protectionist measures,and the cybersecurity threats in the field of digital trade are increasing day by day.A country s cybersecurity measures may violate the commitments of the World Trade Organization(WTO)and Free Trade Agreement(FTA),but can provide a legal basis for its domestic policy according to the security exception or general exception clause.The main challenges related to cybersecurity in digital trade include,but are not limited to,differences in data privacy protection,restrictions on cross-border data flows and disorderly expansion of data jurisdiction.Under the background of social governance innovation in the Internet era,the governance subject has changed from the“dual”of public-private partnership governance to the“pluralistic”pattern of co-governance of multiple subjects,which can respond to relevant challenges in cybersecurity governance.Our government should build a multi-subject co-governance cybersecurity system for multinational enterprises,put forward countermeasures related to cybersecurity in digital trade on the basis of maintaining cybersecurity and national security,and speed up the construction of a community with a shared future in cyberspace.