殊途同归不同效:高层次人才跨国流动影响职业发展的实证研究

Same Destination,Different Career Advancement:An Empirical Analysis of the Role of Transnational Academic Mobility Among Chinese High-level Talents

人才是强国之根本、兴邦之大计。跨国流动是高层次人才积累人力资本与社会资本的有效途径,学界就跨国流动如何影响高层次人才职业发展的实证研究较为鲜见。本文聚焦我国高层次人才“长江学者奖励”计划,以1998—2017年入选的1782名长江学者特聘教授为研究对象,构建长江学者特聘教授履历数据库,从学习-工作两个维度实证分析不同类别跨国流动对高层次人才职业发展的异质性影响。研究发现,不同类别的跨国流动均能影响职业发展(殊途同归),不同类别跨国流动对职业发展的影响效应差异显著(殊途异效)。从海外学习经历看,人文社科领域学者赴海外攻读博士学位、工程技术领域学者赴海外联合培养加快职业发展速度;从海外工作经历看,赴海外任教加快职业发展速度,而赴海外访问延缓入选高层次人才计划的进程。藉此本文尝试提出解释机制及对策建议。

Talent is the foundational and strategic pillar for prosperous national building.Despite that transnational academic mobility is well perceived as an effective way of accumulating social and intellectual capital,its role of impacting the career advancement of overseas returnees remains largely under-explored.Focusing on China s“Changjiang Scholar Program”this study constructs and utilizes a novel curriculum vitae dataset of 1782 Changjiang Distinguished Professors and investigates the heterogeneous effect of transnational academic mobility on the career development of China s high-level talents.This study reveals that all transnational academic mobility,regardless of types,affects career development,but such effect varies significantly by types of transnational academic mobility.In terms of overseas study experience,scholars in humanities and social sciences who have overseas PhD degree and scholars in engineering and technology who have overseas joint-degree accelerate their career development.With regard to overseas work experience,full-time working experience accelerates career development,while temporary overseas visit delays returnees academic career development.Tentative explanations and policy implications are discussed in the end.