长江经济带大气污染非对称性研究

Asymmetry of Air Pollution inthe Yangtze River Economic Belt

大气污染的空间外溢性导致了非对称性的特征。大气污染非对称性的研究不仅能够深入认识大气污染的时空演变特征,而且为大气污染区域协同治理提供重要支撑和参考。本文首先将大气污染定义为雾霾污染和废气排放污染,通过对比分析定义了大气污染非对称性特征;然后以2011—2019年长江经济带130个城市为研究对象,从时空演变特征探讨了大气污染非对称性,并且研究了大气污染非对称性的形成机制、作用机制和影响机制。研究发现,雾霾污染的重心轨迹呈现“北进南退”特征,废气排放污染的重心轨迹呈现“南进北退”特征。雾霾污染程度严重的城市并不全是废气排放污染程度严重的城市,反之亦然,大气污染呈现非对称性特征。大气污染非对称性特征阻碍了经济发展,大气污染的空间流动特征是其形成的主要原因,废气排放污染和环境规制是其主要的影响因素。因此,相关部门在制定大气污染治理目标时应考虑大气污染非对称性特征,认清各城市共同但有区别的治污责任,激励各城市间增强大气污染治理的协同程度。

The spatial spillover of air pollution leads to the asymmetric characteristics.The study of the asymmetry of air pollution can not only provide an in-depth understanding of the spatial and temporal evolutionary characteristics of air pollution,but also provide important support and reference for the synergistic regional management of air pollu-tion.This paper first defines air pollution as haze pollution and exhaust emission pollution,and defines the character-istics of air pollution asymmetry through comparative analysis.Then,130 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Zone from 2011-2019 are taken as the research objects to explore the air pollution asymmetry from the spatial and tempo-ral evolution characteristics,and the formation mechanism,action mechanism and influence mechanism of air pollu-tion asymmetry are studied.It is found that the trajectory of the center of gravity of haze pollution shows the character-istic of"north in south out",and the trajectory of the center of gravity of exhaust emission pollution shows the charac-teristic of"south into the north'".The cities with serious haze pollution degree are not all cities with serious exhaust emission pollution degree,and the converse is also true.Air pollution is characterized by asymmetry.The asymmetric character of air pollution hinders economic development,and the main reason for its formation is the spatial flow char-acteristics of air pollution,and the main influencing factors are exhaust emission pollution and environmental regula-tion.Therefore,the relevant departments should take into account the asymmetric characteristics of air pollution when setting targets for air pollution management,recognize the common but differentiated responsibilities of cities for pol-lution management,and motivate cities to enhance the degree of synergy in air pollution management.