基于多物理场仿真和VIKOR决策的干式铁心电抗器多目标优化

Multi-objective Optimization of the Dry Core Reactor Based on Multi-physical Field Simulation and VIKOR Decision

金属导体用量和损耗是干式铁心电抗器优化设计过程中需要考虑的关键因素,为有效降低损耗和成本,本文提出基于多物理场仿真和VIKOR决策的干式铁心电抗器多目标优化方法。以干式铁心电抗器为研究对象,建立磁场–流场–温度场模型,将磁场计算获得的铁心和线圈损耗密度作为热源,经过流–热耦合计算得到电抗器温度分布;建立磁场–结构场模型,将基于磁场计算得到的电磁力作为应力项,从而获得铁心及线圈振动位移分布,通过有限元仿真与拉丁超立方试验设计相结合的方法,得到不同结构参数下铁心电抗器温升与振动位移结果。为进一步简化优化流程,采用灵敏度分析方法进行参数降维,建立设计参数与温升、振动之间的代理模型,并采用多目标遗传算法得到满足电抗器性能要求的Pareto前沿解集。考虑到电抗器金属导体用量与损耗之间相互冲突,引入VIKOR综合决策方法,在确定优化目标权重的基础上,计算Pareto解集的利益比率大小,以最小利益比率确定最优设计参数组合,通过仿真验证优化设计方法的正确性。优化后的铁心电抗器与优化前相比,在损耗仅增加4.4%的情况下,铁心和线圈金属导体用量分别减少了3.0%和16.6%,同时在满足设计要求的基础上温升和振动分别降低了7.4%和16.7%。所提方法可以有效提升电抗器性能,为电抗器优化设计提供指导。

The loss and the amount of metal conductors are the key factors to be considered in the optimization design of the dry-core reactor.In order to effectively reduce the loss and cost,this paper proposed a multi-objective optimization method for the dry-core reactor based on the multi-physical field simulation and the VIKOR decision.Firstly,the dry-core reactor was taken as the research object,and the magnetic field-flow field-temperature field model was established.The loss density of the core and the coil obtained from the magnetic field calculation was used as the heat source,and the reactor temperature distribution was obtained through the fluid-thermal coupling calculation;Then the magnetic field-struc-ture field model was established.Taken the electromagnetic force calculated based on the magnetic field as the stress item,the vibration displace-ment distribution of the core and coil were calculated.The temperature rise and vibration displacement results of the core reactor under different structural parameters were obtained by combining the finite element simulation and the Latin hypercube test design.In order to further simplify the optimization process,the sensitivity analysis method was used to reduce the dimension of parameters.The agent model among the design parameter,the temperature rise and the vibration was established considering key parameters.The multi-objective genetic algorithm was used to obtain the Pareto frontier solution set that meets the performance requirements of the reactor.Considering the conflict between the amount of met-al conductor and the loss of the reactor,the VIKOR comprehensive decision method was introduced.On the basis of determining the weight of the optimization objective,the benefit ratio of the Pareto solution set was calculated.The optimal design parameter combination was determined by the minimum benefit ratio.The correctness of the optimization design method was verified by simulation.Compared with that before optimiza-tion,the consumption of iron core and coil metal conductors of the optimized iron core reactor decreases by 3.0%and 16.6%respectively with the loss increased by 4.4%.At the same time,the temperature rise and vibration decreases by 7.4%and 16.7%respectively on the basis of meeting the design requirements.The proposed method can effectively improve the performance and provide guidance for the optimization design of reactors.