博物馆的政治理性

The Political Rationality of the Museum

托尼·本尼特以褔柯等理论家的思想作为基础,分析博物馆的诞生所产生与展现的政治理性。褔柯认为监狱、医院和精神病院等有自己具体的理性特征,并产生了自己特殊的文化政治领域。托尼·本尼特则提出:首先,作为与监狱、医院和精神病院等政府的现代形态相类似的文化空间,博物馆首先体现为一定的政治需求;其次,博物馆具有隐蔽的空间生产和知识组织形式,因而能够产生博物馆之外的资源重组,成为多元叙述和差异化叙述的倡导者,使之发挥公共的政治理性功能。通过这种理论观念,托尼·本尼特强化了他对文化博物馆与政治博物馆等博物馆文化表征形式及其功能的认识,即博物馆按照其建立的行为规范对民众进行差异化区分;同时,博物馆又普遍代表着整个人类,在博物馆面前人人平等。

Tony Bennett analyzes the political rationality produced and displayed by the birth of the museum based on the thoughts of Foucault and other theorists.Foucault believes that prisons,hospitals and psychiatric hospitals have their own specific rational characteristics,and have produced their own special fields of the culture and politics.Tony Bennett proposes that,firstly,as a cultural space similar to the modern form of government such as prisons,hospitals and psychiatric hospitals,museums first reflect certain political needs;secondly,the museum has a hidden form of space production and knowledge organization,so it can produce the reorganization of resources outside itself and becomes the advocator of diversified narration and differentiated narration to play the function of public political rationality.Through this theoretical concept,Tony Bennett strengthens his understanding of the cultural representation forms and functions of museums such as cultural museums and political museums,that is,museums differentiate people according to their established norms of behavior;at the same time,museums generally represent the whole mankind,and everyone is equal in front of museums.