工程教育如何实现“通专共进”?——东京工业大学的课程实践及其启示

How to Realize the Integration of General Education and Professional Education in Engineering Education?--Experience and Enlightenment from the Practice in the Tokyo Institute of Technology

通识教育与专业教育的矛盾关系既表现在教育实践之中,也体现在学理探讨之内,如何实现两者有效融合一直是工程教育领域被持续追问的问题。东京工业大学以学院为基础教学单位不断完善人才培养流程,以五大科目为中心实现通识课程的横向发展,以学科知识为依据实现专业课程的纵向深化。在此基础上,“通专共进”型课程模式得以生成,主要包括确立“通专共进”型人才培养目标、实践一贯制教育、强化楔形课程模式、关注交叉领域与跨学科研究等诸多措施。东京工业大学的实践经验为我国工程教育课程改革提供了良好范例。

The contradictory relationship between general education and professional education is reflected not only in educational practice,but also in theoretical discussion.How to achieve the effective integration of the two aspects is a lasting question that has been continuously asked.The Institute-based teaching unit of Tokyo Institute of Technology constantly improves the process of personnel training,realizes the horizontal development of general education curriculum centered on five major subjects and realizes the vertically deepening development of professional courses based on subject knowledge.On this basis,the curriculum model of“integration of general education and professional education”has been formed,which mainly includes measures such as establishing the goal of talent training of“integration of general and professional education”,practicing through training,strengthening wedge-shaped curriculum model and focusing on crossfield and interdisciplinary research.All above mentioned could be used as reference for the present curriculum reform of engineering education in China.